Question

Discuss the dominance of landscape as subject matter in response to the Industrial Revolution.

Look at the works of English artists Constable and Turner, and American artists such as Cole and the Hudson River School to frame your answer.

How did these artists act as early environmental activists?

Answer 1

Ans The Industrial Revolution impacted the environment. The world saw a major increase in population, which , along with an increase in living standards, led to the depletion of natural resources. The use of chemicals and fuel in factories resulted in increased air and water pollution and an increased use of fossil fuels. - The Industrial Revolution had a great effect on the Impressionists and post-Impressionists in the late 19th centwey. Artist of these movements were observing nativce Cirectly. They captured the momen tarily changing effect of the lighteng. that ay, they we the most inter along with Ro poetry Constable, John (1775-1837) English painter along J.M. W Twener (1775-1851), the most celebrated landscape painter of his day, they were launching a revolution in poetry that came to be known as English Romanticism. Constable's work reflects both nature and artiste nurture - studying the English painter John Constable is helpful in understanding the changing meaning of nature dwing the industrial Prevolution. He is, in fact, largely responsible for reviving the importance of landscape painting in the 19th century Here landscape was presented on the scale of history painting. . - As a landscape painter, Twiner brought luminosity and Romantic im agery to his subject ry work- initially realistic -became more fluid and poetic, and is now regarded as a predecesor to Impressionism.

The Hudson Rover School was a mid- 19th century American art movement founded by Thomas Cole in - 1825. Using the river as inspiration, these painters were celebrated for their realiste depictions of the regions stunning and distinctive landscape. Their radiant, majestic style was influenced by European romanticism & The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century art movement that focused on nature. Before this, Western artists potrayed nature as evil ar as something wild that needed to be civilied. The Hudson River School artists potrayed humans and natwe coerusting Cole's painting better known simply as The Oxbow, emphatically draws our attention to this frontier line: the painting is split in half along the diagonal, decisively juxtaposing a picture of Cuntamed nature with a pastoral settlement, encompassing what cole described as a union of the picturesque, the sublime - The Oxbow is a seminal landscape painting by Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River Schoole The painting depicts a Romantic panorama of the connecticut River valley after a thunderstorm