Recall how we saw in class that if we add a total time derivative of a...
C. Noether Theorem. In class we discussed how conservation of total momentum, angular momentum and energy are consequences of certain symmetries of the Lagrangian. More generally assume now that under a transformation of the form qi qi + eK (9), the lagrangian L = L(9.4) is invariant (meaning dL/de = 0). The functions Ki are functions of all the qi (denoted here collectively by 9). 1) Show that, if the Euler-Lagrange equations are satisfied then the quantity p(g, g) =...
3. The Lagrangian for a relativistic particle of (rest) mass m is L=-me²/1- (A² - Elmo (The corresponding action S = ( L dt is simply the length of the particle's path through space-time.) (a) Show that in the nonrelativistic limit (v << c) the result is the correct nonrelativistic kinetic energy, plus a constant corresponding to the particle's rest energy. (Hint. Use the binomial expansion: for small 2, (1 + 2) = 1 +a +a(-1) + a(a-1)(-2) 13 +...
1. Show that the Lagrangians L(t,q, y) and Īct, 4, ) = L(1,4,0) + f/10, 9) yield the same Euler-Lagrange equations. Here q e R and f(t,q) is an arbitrary function. 2 Lagrangian mechanics In mechanics, the space where the motion of a system lies is called the configuration space, which is usually an n-dimensional manifold Q. Motion of a system is defined as a curve q : R + Qon Q. Conventionally, we use a rather than 1 to...
2. Consider a mass m moving in R3 without friction. It is fasten tightly at one end of a string with length 1 and can swing in any direction. In fact, it moves on a sphere, a subspace of R3 1 0 φ g 2.1 Use the spherical coordinates (1,0,) to derive the Lagrangian L(0,0,0,0) = T-U, namely the difference of kinetic energy T and potential energy U. (Note r = 1 is fixed.) 2.2 Calculate the Euler-Lagrange equations, namely...
5. Consider the following time-dependent Lagrangian for a system with one degree of freedom , (10) where 8, m and k are fixed real constants greater than zero. (total 10 points) (a) Write down the Euler-Lagrange equation of motion for this system, and interpret the resulting equation in terms of a known physical system. (1 point) (b) Find Hamiltonian via Legendre transformation. (1 point) (c) Show that q(t) and the corresponding canonical momentum p(t) can be found as follows for...
You will be writing a simple Java program that implements an ancient form of encryption known as a substitution cipher or a Caesar cipher (after Julius Caesar, who reportedly used it to send messages to his armies) or a shift cipher. In a Caesar cipher, the letters in a message are replaced by the letters of a "shifted" alphabet. So for example if we had a shift of 3 we might have the following replacements: Original alphabet: A B C...