Question

Cyclic structures exist for many compounds of carbon andhydrogen. Describe the hybridization around each carbon atomin:

benzene (C₆H₆) ___ sp ___sp² ___sp³ ___sp³d

cyclobutane (C₄H₈) ___ sp ___sp² ___sp³ ___sp³d

cyclobutene (C₄H₆) ___sp___sp² ___sp³ ___sp³d

Answer 1

Hybridization is the process offorms new hybrid orbital forms when atomic orbital are mixed. The single bonding between carbon-carbon atoms(C-C) and carbon-hydrogen atoms (C-H) occurs due to sp" hybridization, double bond between carbon-carbon atoms (C=C ) occurs due to sp* hybridization and triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms occurs due to sp hybridization. Benzene(CHs) Each carbon atom in the benzene ring has 3 bonds, one single bond between carbon-hydrogen atoms(C-H) and one single bond between carbon-carbon atoms (C-C) and double bond between carbon-carbon atoms (C C) Hence, the hybridization on every carbon in benzene ring is sp Cyelobutane (C,H,) НН Each carbon atom in syclobutane has 4 bonds, 2 single bonds between carbon-carbon atoms C-C) and 2 single bonds between carbon-hydrogen(C-H)

Hence, the hybridization on every carbon in gyclobutane is sp Cyclobutene ( C,H, ) In cyclobutene, 2 oflower carbon atom have 3 bonds, one double bond between carbon-carbon atoms (C-C) and one single bond between carbon-carbon atoms (C-C) and one single bond between carbon-hydrogen (C-H) Hence, the hybridization on every carbon in this 3, p 2 upper carbon atoms have 3 bonds, 2 single two single bond between carbon-hydrogen (C-H) and one single bond between carbon-carbon atoms(C-C) Hence, the hybridization on every carbon in this issp