Question

Match each of the following ions and molecules with its correct molecular Complete the Lewis structure of the chlorite ion, ClO2-, which is used as a bleaching agent. Complete only two resonance structure in which the formal charges are closest to zero. What is the valence molecular orbital configuration (according to MO theory) of homonuclear diatomic species where the atoms have an atomic number greater than seven? How many electrons are there in the pi antibonding orbitals of the following cations? Under appropriate conditions, I2 can be oxidized to I2+, which is bright blue. The corresponding anlon, I2-, is not known. Use the molecular orbital diagram in the figure below to explain why I2+ is more stable than I2-. Cyclic structures exist for many compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Describe the hybridization around each carbon atom in benzene (C6H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), and cyclobutene (C4H6).

Answer 1

In \(\mathrm{ICl}_{2}^{-}\), the molecule has \(7+(2 \times 7)+1=22\) valence electrons. The three lone pairs on the I

atom occupy the equatorial position, the molecule acquires a linear geom etry.

In \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\), the molecule has \(5+(1 \times 4)-1=8\) valence electrons, all of which form bonds with the \(\mathrm{H}\) atom The molecule, therefore, acquires a tetrahedral geometry.

In \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\), the molecule has \(7+(3 \times 6)+1=26\) valence electrons. The lon pair of electrons ar ound the \(\mathrm{Cl}\) atom repel and the molecule, therefore, acquires a trigonal pyramidal geometry.

In \(\mathrm{BCl}_{3}\), the molecule has \(3+(3 \times 7)=24\) valence electrons, all of which form bonds with the \(\mathrm{Cl}\) atom.

The molecule, therefore, acquires a trigonal planar geometry.