Free jets of water at a temperature of 57 ◦C (ρ = 984.7 kg/m3)
strike the centers of each of the deflectors shown. For each case,
determine the horizontal force required 
to hold the deflector in place.
The speed of each free jet is v = 5 m/s.
(a) Figure (a): A 45◦ deflector.
(b) Figure (b): A 45◦ deflector with a circular hole of diameter d in the center.
Homework Answers
From the equation of continuity, the relation between the areas of the pipes can be calculated.
The thrust force is directly propotional to area of cross-section.
From the free body diagram, The required external force can be calculated.
a) The required external force is 330.08 N
b) Because of additional
circular hole at the right, the area of the jets which are
deflecting at 45o with inflow will change compared to previous
case.
It can be calculated with Equation of continuity.
The new external force required is 300.37 N
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