Question

7. Describe one example of how fruit color affects foraging behavior in animals 8. There are three mechanisms to avoid self fertilization (temporal, spatial, and self-incompatibility). Describe one example of each of the three mechanisms. 9. Describe how flowers attract different types of pollinators (e.g. bees, flies, moths bats, birds, etc). Choose at least three different pollinators. 10. Explain why a flash of light during the night would prevent flowering in a short- day plant, but wouldn't prevent flowering in a long-day plant. 11. Describe the relationship between ovary, ovule, fruit, seed, and carpel.

Answer 1

Dear Student,

7. Faraging in tropical Asian fields in frugivorous bird species. It is seen that all birds favoured red fruits more than yellow,blue,black colour.Wild caught birds favoured black and red fleshy fruits.Foraging on fruit colour depend on the requirement of the birds or animals for the food.Ripe fruits are yellow and rich in lipid so animals requiring lipids forage on yellow fruits .Thus foraging on fruit colour is in a way dependent on the substance it is rich in.

8. Temporal - In this method the stigma and ovary mature at different time .When stigma matures and produces pollen grains ,ovary is not matured to produce egg to carry out fertilization.Thus preventing self pollination

Spatial- The position of anther and carpel are in such a way that self pollination cannot take place.

Self incompatibility- In this the carpel of the plant is not compatible with the pollen grains of the same plant to carry out fertilization.

9.Flowers develop various means to attract different pollinators .Flowers produce nector to attract the bees.

Flowers have petals of various colours to attract moths.

Smells produce by flowers are also a means to attract flies for pollination.

10.Short day plants require small duration of daylight and large dark hours for flowering.While Long day plants require long duration of light hours and small duration of dark hours for flowering.Thus a flash of light during night increases the duration of light hours and decreases the duration of dark hours.Thus short day plants do not flower when flash of light given during night hours while long day plants flower.

11.The female reproductive organ of the plants are called Carpel.Ovules are the female gametophyte . Ovary is part of female reproductive organ where ovules are produced and fertilization takes place .After fertilization ovule develops into the fleshy part of the fruits. Ovules develop into seeds.

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