Homework Answers
6. Mitogend are extracellular signals that stimulate cell divisions.
8. Wee1 molecule inactivated mitotic cyclin-cfk complexes
10. G1 damage checkpoint involved the inhibition of cyclin-cdk complexes by p21
12. The nuclear envelope breaks down does not occur during interphase
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6.) Mitogens are (b) transcription factors important for cyclin production (c) kinases that cause cells to...
In order for a cell to move past the G2 checkpoint and into M phase, the...
In order for a cell to move past the G2 checkpoint and into M phase, the cell has to check for which of the following? A All of the DNA has been replicated B. All of the DNA damage has been repaired c. All of the chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle D. A and B only E. All of the above (A, B, and C) What type of DNA damage can result in a base loss? A deamination...
l 1. What are the two molecular functions of M-cyclin with regard to the activation of M-Cak m-cyctin 2. Fill in the blanks: The pathway that is activated in response to DNA damage in G1 involves...
l
1. What are the two molecular functions of M-cyclin with regard to the activation of M-Cak m-cyctin 2. Fill in the blanks: The pathway that is activated in response to DNA damage in G1 involves activation of which induces the complexes and inhibits them.ge,which encodes aprotein that binds to t's say a yeast temperature sensitive mutant has a mutation in the M cyclin gene which does not inactivate growth at the restrictive temperature (non-permissive temperature), resulting the M-cyclin protein...
1. p16 acts to prevent cells from moving through the cell cycle by acting on which...
1. p16 acts to prevent cells from moving through the cell cycle by acting on which cyclin-cdk pair? A. cyclin A-cdc2 B. cyclin D-cdk4/6 C. cyclin E-cdk2 D. cyclin A-cdk2 2.Which cyclin-CDK partner below is associated with G1 before the R point? A. cyclinA-cdk2 B. cyclinE-cdk2 C. cyclinD-cdk4/6 D. cyclinB-CDC2 3.Mitogens primarily affect the expression levels of which cyclin? A. cyclin B B. cyclin E C. cyclin A D. cyclin D 4. Which of the following is true about the...
QUESTION 25 The concentration of mitotic cyclin ____________________. A. is highest in G1 phase B. decreases...
QUESTION 25 The concentration of mitotic cyclin ____________________. A. is highest in G1 phase B. decreases at the end of M phase as a result of ubiquitylation and degradation C. decreases at the prophase D. is controlled by phosphorylation QUESTION 26 Which of the following statements about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is false? A. Proteases, which reside in the central cylinder of a proteasome, degrade the ubiquitin-modified protein. B. Ubiquitin is a small protein that is non-covalently attached to proteins to...
2) Given that E6 inactivates p53-dependent pathways, cervical cancer cells are particularly resistant to traditional treatments...
2) Given that E6 inactivates p53-dependent pathways, cervical
cancer cells are particularly resistant to traditional treatments
such as chemotherapy, the search is ongoing for new alternative
therapeutics to be used in conjunction with current
chemotherapeutic drugs. One such candidate is the plant flavonoid
Luteolin. In 2014, Ham et al evaluate the effectiveness of Luteolin
on sensitizing cervical cancer cells to apoptosis.
a) In Figure 1, panel A, the researchers looked for an effect on
E6 levels post Luteolin treatment. What...
The picture below represents a cell during metaphase of mitosis. The chromosomes are represented in red...
The picture below represents a cell during metaphase of mitosis. The chromosomes are represented in red and the mitotic spindle is represented in green. BO ! A. The cell is stuck in metaphase because a checkpoint has been activated. Why was the checkpoint triggered? B. What could have happened to this cell without this checkpoint? There are three main checkpoints during the cell cycle. One checkpoint occurs at the end of G1 phase and involves the protein p53. If p53...
Cancer biology 23. The levels of these proteins fluctuate dramatically as cells progress through the cell...
Cancer biology
23. The levels of these proteins fluctuate dramatically as cells progress through the cell cycle. These fluctuations are tightly coordinated with the schedule of advances through the various cell cycle phases. For a particular subtype, extracellular signals, notably those conveyed by growth factors, strongly influence their levels. These proteins are: cdc25-like phosphatases b. Cdk kinases c. Protectins d. Cyclins 24. Which of the following best describes the biochemistry that correlates to one of the cell cycle functions of...
1. For cells to replicate properly, they must duplicate their genome. However, this must be done...
1. For cells to replicate properly, they must duplicate their genome. However, this must be done only once per cell cycle. Answer the following questions in detail. A. During which cell cycle phase, does DNA undergo replication? B. Which cyclin must accumulate within the cell to trigger DNA replication? C. Explain the process by which cells replicate their DNA only once per cycle. D. What consequences would there be if more than one round of replication occurred per cell cycle?...
Which of the following statements are true? Select one or more: a. Two sister chromatides arise...
Which of the following statements are true? Select one or more: a. Two sister chromatides arise by replication of the DNA of the same chromosome and remain paired as they line up on the metaphase plate b. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization and microtubule motor proteins are all required for DNA replication during 5 Phase X C. Centrosomes are duplicated before M Phase begins d. Microtubules nucleate at the centromeres and then connect to the kinetochores, which are structures at the...
1. Gene regulatory elements are a) trans-acting transcription factors b) cis-acting transcription factors c) trans-acting DNA...
1. Gene regulatory elements are a) trans-acting transcription factors b) cis-acting transcription factors c) trans-acting DNA sequences d) cis-acting DNA sequences 2. The unwinding of DNA during the initiation of transcription is mediated by the helicase activity by: a) TFIID b) TFIIH c) TFIIF d) TFIIE
In order for a cell to move past the G2 checkpoint and into M phase, the cell has to check for which of the following? A All of the DNA has been replicated B. All of the DNA damage has been repaired c. All of the chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle D. A and B only E. All of the above (A, B, and C) What type of DNA damage can result in a base loss? A deamination...
l
1. What are the two molecular functions of M-cyclin with regard to the activation of M-Cak m-cyctin 2. Fill in the blanks: The pathway that is activated in response to DNA damage in G1 involves activation of which induces the complexes and inhibits them.ge,which encodes aprotein that binds to t's say a yeast temperature sensitive mutant has a mutation in the M cyclin gene which does not inactivate growth at the restrictive temperature (non-permissive temperature), resulting the M-cyclin protein...
2) Given that E6 inactivates p53-dependent pathways, cervical
cancer cells are particularly resistant to traditional treatments
such as chemotherapy, the search is ongoing for new alternative
therapeutics to be used in conjunction with current
chemotherapeutic drugs. One such candidate is the plant flavonoid
Luteolin. In 2014, Ham et al evaluate the effectiveness of Luteolin
on sensitizing cervical cancer cells to apoptosis.
a) In Figure 1, panel A, the researchers looked for an effect on
E6 levels post Luteolin treatment. What...
The picture below represents a cell during metaphase of mitosis. The chromosomes are represented in red and the mitotic spindle is represented in green. BO ! A. The cell is stuck in metaphase because a checkpoint has been activated. Why was the checkpoint triggered? B. What could have happened to this cell without this checkpoint? There are three main checkpoints during the cell cycle. One checkpoint occurs at the end of G1 phase and involves the protein p53. If p53...
Cancer biology
23. The levels of these proteins fluctuate dramatically as cells progress through the cell cycle. These fluctuations are tightly coordinated with the schedule of advances through the various cell cycle phases. For a particular subtype, extracellular signals, notably those conveyed by growth factors, strongly influence their levels. These proteins are: cdc25-like phosphatases b. Cdk kinases c. Protectins d. Cyclins 24. Which of the following best describes the biochemistry that correlates to one of the cell cycle functions of...
Which of the following statements are true? Select one or more: a. Two sister chromatides arise by replication of the DNA of the same chromosome and remain paired as they line up on the metaphase plate b. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization and microtubule motor proteins are all required for DNA replication during 5 Phase X C. Centrosomes are duplicated before M Phase begins d. Microtubules nucleate at the centromeres and then connect to the kinetochores, which are structures at the...
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