Answer:
a) The first donating carrier to complex III is ubiquinol or
plastoquinol (QH2) after accepting the electrons
from
complex I and Complex II donate it to the Complex III, and starts a
cascade of events where the electrons are finally accepted by
Cytochrome C.
1st Donating Carrier = Ubiquinol (QH2) 2nd Recieving
Carrier= Cytochrome C.
b) The two electrons of a bound QH2 are transferred,
one electron to cytochrome c and the other to a bound Q to
form the semiquinone Q•-. This newly formed Q dissociates and is
replaced by a second QH2, which also gives up its electrons, one to
a second molecule of cytochrome c and the other to reduce
Q•- to form QH2. This second electron transfer results in the
uptake of two protons from the matrix.
Therefore the energy produced is 1ATP (4 H+ ------->
1ATP)
c) The number of protons being transferred out of the inner membrane space are 4 H+ per pair of electron transported.
d) Antimycin A distrupts the complex III and prevents the
oxidation of Ubiqinol leading to
loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
Increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species
Decreased proton gradient across the membrane hence
disruption in the ATP production in ETC.
Since going through the proton pump is the only way for the H+
to enter the matrix, since the membrane permiability and ATP
synthesis are affected, the citric acid cycle too is rendered
ineffecient by the inhibitors.
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