Question

4. 12 +3+1+1+2+1 -10 points) (b) wistunguish between (i) Instruction miss rate & data miss rate, (ii) read miss & write miss. (b) What are the three actions taken by hardware during the time of exceptions/interrupts? (c) Define: Timer interrupt. names of two co-processor 0 registers that you learned in Chapter 8 e) What are the two disadvantages of static linking? (f Provide the fact that one e one major difference between assembly language and machine language apart from of them is in binary format and the other in non-binary format.

Answer 1

b)

1. Normally after execution of each Instruction CPU checks whether there is any interrupt.
2. Next step is what to do after interrupt is detected. To answer this part we take example of typical. 8086 processor
3. To find ,where are ISR instructions located : In a typical 8086 processor has a vector table. it contains interrupt numbers and address of ISR corresponding to Interrupt numbers
4. CPU needs to know the interrupt number . For external interrupts , the instruction no's for external hardware ,are generally conveyed by external Interrupt controllers and writing the code of Interrupt service Routine for these interrupts is also is job of Programmer/Designer.
5. For certain software interrupts the interrupt numbers are fixed.
6. On getting the interrupt number CPU gets the address of. ISR from vector table and prepare itself for handling the interrupt
7. Before an Interrupt is going to be executed the address of the instruction of running program, which CPU should perform after executing ISR should be stored somewhere , as also the status of flags , the processor Id or any other information required for coming back to present program.
8. After executing ISR, CPU based on above information resume its operation

c)

The timer interrupt handler runs the OS scheduler. If the process that was just interrupted has used up its time quantum, and there is some other runnable process, then the scheduler "returns" to that other process. (Later, when the timer interrupts some other process, the scheduler will "return" to this process).

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