Question

I need help solving the molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations + the driving force for each. (Except for Sodium Carbonate+Hydrochorlic acid)

Thank you very much!

-CC Sodium Nitrate + Sulfurie Acid Observation car/transparent Molecular Equation Complete Ionic Equation Net lonic Equation Driving Force Sodium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid Observation clear transparent Molecular Equation Na2CO316) + 2HC) 199) -> ZNACK +H2010)+(219) Complete lonic Equation a t coz (99)+2#* (74) + Zuling)--->2Nyingi+2.417+H2014 Net Ionic Equation CU 3269)+2H199)-> H204+C02g) Driving Force H2ore) + CO₂ lg) Nickel(II) Chloride + Copper(II) Sulfate Observation Transluunt bluish Color Ifaint Molecular Equation Complete lonic Equation Borce Net Ionic Equation Driving Force Nickel(II) Chloride + Potassium Phosphate Inick milky white precipitate Observation Molecular Equation Complete Ionic Equation Net Ionic Equation Driving Force Copper(II) Sulfate + Sodium Hydroxide Bive precipitate Observation Molecular Equation Complete Ionic Equation Net Ionic Equation Driving Force

Answer 1

answer) first we have to explain the terms molecular equation , complete ionic equation , net ionic equation and driving force

molecular equation; in this type of balanced chemical equations , the ionic compounds are expressed as molecules rather than component ions.

complete ionic equations; these are the balanced equations that denotes a reaction in a solution , in which all strong electrolytes are written as dissociated ions. this equation includes spectator ions, which is an ion that exists as a reactant and product in a chemical reaction. this ion unchanged on both sides of a chemical reaction and does not affect chemical equilibrium.

net ionic equation; in a net ionic equation shows only the chemical species that are involved in a reaction. while writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in complete ionic equation are ignored.

driving force; driving force in cemistry referrs to the chemical affinity which helps to the formation of products.

now consider the given chemical reactions in the above questions,

1) sodium nitrate + sulphuric acid ;

observation; no reaction, clear and tranparent ( this is because nitrates of sodium , zinc , copper does not reacts with dilute sulphuric acid as their sulphates are soluble in water.

molecular equation;

in this type balanced equations, ions are expressed as molecules. here 2 moles of sodium nitrate reacts with 1 mole of aqeous sulphuric acid gives 1 mole of aqeous sodium sulphate and 2 moles of aqeous nitric acid. the equation is given below,

2NaNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) $\rightarrow$ Na2SO4(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)

complete ionic equation;

in this type of balanced equation , all strong electrolytes are expressed as dissociated ions. this equation also containes spectator ions . here the left side of the equation become, the 2NaNO3 disociated to gives (2Na+ and 2NO3-) and H2SO4 molecule dissociated to gives 2H+ & SO4^2- ions. also the right side of the reaction becomes, Na2SO4 dissociated to gives 2Na+ & SO4^2- and 2HNO3 dissociated to give 2H+ & 2NO3- ions. so the equation becomes,

2Na+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) $\rightarrow$ 2Na+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)

here the spectator ions are Na+ , NO3- , H+ , SO4^2-( ions which are unchanged both sides of the reaction and does not affect the equilibrium.)

net ionic equation;

here we have to ignore the spectator ions which written in the complete ionic equation. here when all the spectator ions Na+ , NO3- , H+ , SO4^2- ignore, they get cancel each other on left side and right side of the chemical equation . here net ionic equation does not exists.

driving force;

here no driving force.

2) nickel (II) chloride + copper (II) sulphate

observation; teal liquid

molecular equation; in this balanced equation,  ions are expressed in moles. here 1 mole of aqeous nickel chloride reacts with 1 mole of aqeous copper sulphate to give 1 mole of aqeous nickel sulphate and 1 mole of aqeous copper chloride. the equation is given by

NiCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) $\rightarrow$ NiSO4(aq) + CuCl2(aq)

complete ionic equation; in this balanced equation, all the srong electrolytes are dissociated to corresponding ions. here left side of the reaction expressed as, nickel chloride dissociated to give aqeous Ni^2+ & aqeous 2Cl- ions and aqeous copper sulphate dissociated to give aqeous Cu^2+ & aqeous SO4^2- ions . right side of the reaction expressed as aqeous nickel sulphate dissociated to give aqeous Ni^2+ & aqeous SO4^2- and aqeous copper chloride dissociated to give, aqeous Cu^2+ & aqeous 2Cl- ions. the respective equation is given by,

Ni2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) $\rightarrow$ Ni2+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)

here the spectator ions are Ni2+ , Cl- , Cu2+ , SO4^2-(ions which unchanged both side of the reaction and does not affect the equilibrium)

net ionic equation; in this equation we have to ignore the spectator ions which written in the complete ionic equation. considering the net ionic equation for the above reaction, when we ignore all the spectator ions Ni2+ , Cl- , Cu2+ and SO4^2- all the ions cancel out each other on left and right side of the chemical equation. so here the net ionic equation does not exists.

driving force; here driving force is gas

3) nickel(II) chloride + potassium phosphate

observation; green, turnerd to a solid with liquid, no smell

molecular equation; in this type balanced equation ions are expressed in moles. here 3 moles of aqeous nickel chloride and 2 moles of potassium phosphate reacts to give 1 mole of nickel phosphate and 6 moles of potassium chloride . the chemical equation for this reaction given by,

3NiCl2(aq) + 2K2PO4(aq) $\rightarrow$ Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6KCl(aq)

complete ioinic equation; in this type balanced equation the strong electrolytes are expressed as dissociated ions. here left side of the equation represented as , aqeous nickel chloride dissociated to give 3Ni2+ & 6Cl- and potassium chloride dissociated to give 6K+ & 2PO4^3- ions. right side of the reaction represented as nickel phosphate (solid) & potassium chloride dissociated to give, 6K+ &6Cl- ions. the equation for this reaction given by,

3Ni2+(aq) + 6Cl-(aq) +6K+(aq) + 2PO4^3-(aq) $\rightarrow$ Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6K+(aq) + 6Cl-(aq)

here the spectator ions are Cl- and K+ (ions which unchanged both side of the reaction)

net ionic equation; in this type equation , the spectator ions in the complete ion equations are ignored. when the spectator ions Cl- & K+ ions ignored we get the net ionic equation as given below,

3Ni2+(aq) + 2PO4^3- (aq) $\rightarrow$ Ni3(PO4)2(s)

driving force; precipitate is the driving force

4) copper (II) sulphate + sodium hydroxide

observation; blue chunky solid on bottom, liquid on top

molecular equation; here the ions are expressed in moles. here 1 mole of copper sulphate and 2 moles of sodium hydroxide forms 1 mole of sodium sulphate and 1 mole copper hydroxide. the equation is given by,

CuSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) $\rightarrow$ Na2SO4(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

complete ionic equation; here the strong electrolyte are dissosiated in to ions. the complete ion equation is given by

Cu2+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)$\rightarrow$ 2Na+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

here the spectator ions are Na+ , SO4^2-

net ionic equation; in this the spectator ions Na+ and SO4^2- ions are ignored then we get the equation,

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) $\rightarrow$ Cu(OH)2(s)

driving force; precipitate