Question

im having trouble with Q9, and Q13

9. (0.5 pt.) What is the role of the Amberlyst 15 catalyst? His a solid state acid catalyst Solid State acid catalyst, and is a polymer that have varu Strong induced dipole im and there polymers are insoluble in solvents 10. (0.5 p.) What is the purpose of refluxing the reaction? Refluxing teeps the reactants from escaping when they vaporize and supply energy over a longer period of time. 11. (0.5 pt.) As you showed above, either the acid or the alcohol is on excess (ie, is not limiting). Which of the reagents ensures that the reaction is "pushed" to the ester product via the Le Chatelier principle? Acetic Acid 12. (0.5 p.) The sodium sulfate is added at the end of the procedure as a drying agent? Which is the important intermolecular force between the sodium sulfate and the water The intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding. be 13. (0.5 pt.) Extraction of unreacted acetic acid into the water layer is aided by converting it from its neutral form into an lonic form, ions are more soluble in water. What is the charge on the acetic acidsin its lonic formy

Answer 1

9) Amberlyst-15 is a powerful and selective acid catalyst for esterification reactions. It is reported to be used in mild and selective methyl esterification of aliphatic carboxylic acids.

13)As Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid.

When it dissolves into water

CH3COOH + H20 -->CH3COO- + H3O+

So , here Acetic acid has negative charge on it.