Question

can anyone please help me with ALL THE THREE question ? can you please type them because i domy understand the hand writes.

17.Describe the method used in producing bioethanol in volume for use as a fuel. What are the potential feedstocks for this process? 18. What role does vapor pressure play in the composition of ethanol-gasoline mixtures designed for automobiles? 19. What would the likely effects of solar radiation management be on (a) rainfall levels and (b) stratospheric ozone recovery?

Answer 1

17)bioethanol is a fuel with high octane number. it is produced by fermentation process of grains and sugars. it can be used as a substitute for petrol. it is prepared chemically by the chemical reactio n of ethylene with steam. from biomass it is prepared by hydrolisis and sugar fermentation process. extraction of sugar from biomasss is carried out by acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. the jydrlysis process break down cellulosic part into sugar solution and it can be fermented to ethanol. fermentation reaction is carried out at 250-3000C. After fermentation it is subjected to fractional distillation process. since BP of ethanol is lower than water it can be condensed and seperated.

18) addition of ethsnol to gasoline increases the vapour pressure ofblends. vapour pressure is the measure of volatality. it is a critical factor in measuring the quality of start engines with fuel injection and also to determine evaporative emission. small conc: of highly volatile liquids can influence vapour pressure. its impact is reduced with increase in vapour/liquid ratio.mixture has vapour pressure higher than gasoline and alcohol alone.

19)solar radiation management involves injecting smaller particles that can reflect sun light to reduce the amount of solar radiation reching the earth.solar radiation management is utilised to bring green house gases emission under control. it helps in the removal of CO2..water cycle slows down under solar radiation management.