Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring. Activation of the ring towards substitution. Withdrawal of electrons through resonance. Ortho/para-directed substitution. -OCOCH3 -NO2 -NH2 -OCOCH3 -CF3 -Br -CH3 -CN -COOH OOH -F D -NHCOCH3 O -S03H

Answer 1

Benzene ring can be activated by adding elechon to the ring Electron donating group increases election density to the sing. so it stabilize the sing. Activated groups – Electron donating group Deactivated youps > Electoon with docanning groups .

- Deactivation ns are - Cf3 (strong deactivaks) - BY (deachvators) all halogens are deactivators, Activation of the ring towards substitution - ann (sting activating group ) ökuma (activating group ) =)

- withdrawal of elections through resonance it means deactivating gorrip. -CN I stoong deactivating group] -on ( deactivating groups) Now, all the activators are ortho - Para director. All the deackvators are meta- directors encept the halogens which are deactivators and yet ortho, para-directors. - S. - orthofpara- directors. Electrodomesting -o-nun → 2 mefa - directors (electron withdrawing group ) orthof para directors (Ewen but t → Z: - C M? - ortho , para directors (mild activating .s-on c=s=0 - meta directors (strong deactivating goop. I