Question

Classify each scenario as describing convergent evolution, evolutionary reversal, or a synapomorphy.

Classify each scenario as describing convergent evolution, evolutionary reversal, or a synapomorphy. Convergent evolution Evolutionary reversal Synapomorphy

Answer 1

Convergent evolution- two different species develop similar   trait in response to similar environmental factors.

1) cattle raising human population in Europe and Africa produce lactase throughout adulthood.

usually, human stop producing lactase after infancy and lose their ability to digest milk. but as cattle rising population, milk is available in abundance and a good source of nutrition, so adult who can digest milk throughout adulthood trait is favored by evolution . its convergent evolution because both community-acquired this trait separately. a single gene mutation is responsible for europian population and several genes are involved in the case of African population .

2) tuna and dolphin both have streamlined body for fast swimming - dolphin is a mammal and tuna is a fish, they both develop this trait in response to their similar environment  

3) both butterfly and bats develop wing for fly - its an example of convergent evolution , bat is an mammal and butterfly is an arthropod(incest) .

4) whale and seal both consume an aquatic diet like ancient fish ancestor- whale and seal both are marine mammals and not fishes. they both adapted to aquatic diet because of there environment to make them suitable for aquatic life.  

Evolutionary reversal- regaining or reproducing an ancestral trait which have been lost or not present in an immediate ancestor.

Synapomorphy- a common ancestral trait present in all terminal species derived from that common ancestor.

1) all felines have a muscular flexible body 30 teeth and retractable claw. felines is a cat family with 37 different membranes including lion ,tiger, puma domestic cat leopards etc. they all share common ancestor.   

2) amniotes produces egg with several protective layers including amnion- amniotes in reptile birds mammals and they all common ancestor amphibians.  

note- both snake and legless lizard develop hind limb buds in embryonic developmental stage .but your option suggest they dont. plz recheck your option,