Plasmodium falciparum
a. in host: location sample type
b. transmission
c. vector
d. disease caused
e. symptoms
f. geographic distribution
g. diagnostic stage
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of that causes malaria.
a) Humans are the intermediate host in which asexual reproduction occurs. Female anopheles mosquitos are the definitive host in which sexual reproduction occurs. Within the human host, P. falciparum is found mostly within mature erythrocytes in nutritionally complex environment of the blood stream an metabolism of these blood stage parasite has diverged significantly from the eukaryotes such as yeast.
b) Transmission of P. falciparum occurs between human and the Female anopheles mosquito. Mosquito vectors pass malaria from host to host. The parasite can infect the mosquitoes through the intake of human blood or a human may be infected by the mosquito's injection of human saliva. Transfusion of blood from infected persons and use of contaminated needles and syringes are other potential modes of transmission. Transmission of P. falciparum malaria parasite requires formation and development of gametocytes, yet all but the most mature of these sexual parasite forms are absent from the blood circulation. It also be transmitted through - an organ transplant and a transfusion.
C) Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of the infected female anopheles mosquitoes called malaria vectors. only female mosquitoes are infected with plasmodium, since only they feed on the blood of vertebrate hosts. The malarial parasite, P. falciparum increases the frequency of multiple feeding of its mosquito vector, anopheles gambiae.
d) Malaria is a life threatening disease caused by P. falciparum and it is the most dangerous form. Those who contract this form of malaria have a high risk of death. An infected mother can also pass the disease to her baby at the birth. This known as congenital malaria.
e) The symptoms of malaria typically develop within 10 days to 4 weeks following the infection. In some cases symptoms may not develope for several months. *Common symptoms of malaria include:
Shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe, high fever, profuse sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, muscle pain, convulsions, coma and bloody stools.
f) P. falciparum is the predominant species in the word. It has wide global distribution, being found in South america, Asia and Africa, but is less frequent than P. falciparum in terms of association with cases of infection. Malaria can occur in the main urbal areas of Africa and, to a lesser extent India. There is usually less risk at altitudes above 1500 m, although in favourable climatic conditions the disease can occur at altitudes upto almost 3000 m.
P. falciparum - Geographic distribution occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of C. & S. America, Africa and S. E. Asia.
g) P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. The human infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. The sporozoites grow and multiply in the liver to become merozoites. In the mosquito gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction to a zygote, which turns into ookinete. Diagnosis of malaria can be difficult. Involves clinical diagnosis, microscopic diagnosis, antigen detection, molecular diagnosis, serology and drug resistance.
Malarial parasite can be identified by examining under the microscope a drop of the patients blood, spread out as a blood smear on microscope slide. Prior to examination the specimen is stained to give tge parasites a distinctive appearance.
Plasmodium falciparum a. in host: location sample type b. transmission c. vector d. disease caused e....
Toxoplasma gondii , Trypanosoma brusei, Trypanosoma cruzi a. diagnostic stage b. in host: location/ sample type c. transmission d. vector e. disease caused f. symptoms g. geographic distribution
1. Toxoplasma gondii , Trypanosoma bruise, Trypanosoma cruzi a. vector b. in host: location / sample type c. transmission d. disease cause e. symptoms f. geographic distribution d. disease caused e. symptoms f. geographic distribution
Trichomonas vaginalis , Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia intestinalis ( lamblia) a. morphology description b. infective stage c. portal entry d .diagnostic stages e. in host: location/ sample typr f. transmission g vector h disease caused I .symptoms J. geographic distribution
23. Malaria is caused by what type of organism? d an Ampicomplexan called Plasmodium b. a Euglenoid called Euglena c. a Nematoda d. a Trematoda e. a Dinoflagellate called Zooxanthellae
Links (10 Multiple Alleles Confer Drug Resistance in the Malaria Parasite Malaria is a parasitic disease in humans that is transmitted by infected female mosquitoes, including Anopheles gambiae (Figure 12. 10a), and is characterized by cyclic high fevers, chills, flu-like symptoms, and severe anemia, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are the most common causative agents of malaria, and P. falciparum is the most deadly (Figure 12.10b). When promptly and correctly treated, P. falciparum malaria has a mortality rate of 0.1...
J. 13 PUIULUU a. Salmonella b. Shigella Plasmodium d. Entamoeba e. Klebsiella 6. Which of the following is an obligate intracellular parasite? a. phage lambda b. Clostridium c. Mycobacterium d. b and c only e. a, b, and c 7. Which of the following is true of bacteriophages that undergo only the lytic cycle? a. They are characterized by a period of dormancy within the host cell b. They include T-even phages. c. They are known as “temperate” phages. d....
Human-to-mosquito transmission of P. falciparum malaria is mediated by sexual stage parasites called gametocytes. Mosquito feeding assay is a method to assess whether the gametocytes in a patient are transmissible to mosquitos. Through the detection of oocysts in the mosquito midgut by microscopy, researchers can confirm such transmissibility. A random sample of n subjects were assayed, and the outcomes are denoted Yı, ,Ý,, where Y? = 1 if oocysts were detected in the i-th subject and Y 0 otherwise In...
A. gram staining B. mold C. antibiotic therapy D. organized by E. cell wall F. not survive G. reproduce by binary fission H. shape I. vectors J. droplet K. branching L. cell membrane M. budding N. chronic viral infections O. airborne P. inside Q. ineffective R. outside S. symptomatic T. on surface U. binary fission V. yeast Complete the concept map below by filling in the missing components Often self-limiting therapy is Kill host cells release virions to infect new...
ch insect is responsible for host-host transmission of typhus? , tick flea dy louse eer tick . Which of the following would be the best strategy to prevent the spread of yellow fever and dengue ever into the southern United States? ) mosquito avoidance and eradication B) vaccination C) monitoring bird populations D) tick avoidance 44. What type of disease require biosafety level (BSL) 4 procedures and facilities when samples that may be infected? A) West Nile Virus B) Measles...
elevation of LDH caused by A)Myocardial disease B) liver disease C) prostatic disease D) Many organ disease