Question

Chapter 7 1. What is the function of intervertebral discs? Distinguish between the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus regions of a disc. which provides the strength and durability? Witch provides resilience? Which is involved in Slipped disc? 2. The major function of the shoulder girdle is flexibility. What is the major function of the Pelvic girdle? Relater these functional differencesto the anatomical differences seen in these girdles? Chapter 8 1. List the functions of the following elements of a synovial joint? (b) Synovial fluid. (c) a) Fibrous layer of the capsule Articular cartilage. 2. Explain different types of joints with examples?

Answer 1

Chapter 7

1. Functions of intervertebral discs:

• They a fibrocartilaginous joint allowing slight movement of the vertebrae,
• Act as ligament to hold the vertebrae together,
• Act as a shock absorber for the spine.

Distinguish between Annulus fibrosus & Nucleus pulposus:

Annulus fibrosus: Tough outer layer of fibrous cartilage. Plates are madeof hyaline and fibrous cartilage

Nucleus pulposus: It is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core of the vertebral disc, Made of 75% of water with scattered articular and elastic fibers.

Annulus fibrosus provides strength and durability.

Nucleus pulposus provides resilience.

Nucleus pulposus is involved in slipped disc

2. Major function of the pelvic girdle: To support the upper body while a person is sitting upright or standing..

Chapter 8

Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages. 3 types:

1. Fibrous (immovable) joints: E.g. sutures b/w skull bones.

2. Cartilaginous joints (Slightly movable joints): Bones are joined together with the help of cartilages. E.g. Joints between the adjacent vertebrae.

3. Synovial (movable) joints: They have a fluid filled synovial cavity between articulating surfaces of 2 bones.

Types of synovial joint

Joint	Examples
Ball & socket	Shoulder joint & hip joints.
Hinge joint	Knee joint, elbow joint, phalanges joints
Pivot joint	Joints b/w atlas & axis.
Gliding joint	Joints b/w carpals
Saddle joint	Joints b/w carpal & metacarpal of thumb