Question

Monotremata Marsupialia Assume the mammal cladogram on the right depicts accurate evolutionary relationships. While there is no absolute time on this cladogram, there is relative time running from left to right (right is more recent). Answer the following questions about this tree. Afrosoricida - Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Proboscidea Hyracoidea Sirenia Xenarthra Dermoptera 1. Monotremes (Monotremata) are the only mammals (extinct or extant) that do not give live birth. Based on this information and this tree, what type of group are mammals that give live birth? a. Polyphyletic b. Paraphyletic c. Monophyletic d. Extinct e. None of the above Scandentia Primates Lagomorpha Rodentia Eulipotyphla Carnivora Pholidota 2. Which of the following clades are Chiroptera (bats) more closely related to? a. Rodentia (rodents) b. Primates c. Lagomorpha (rabbits + hares) d. Carnivora (carnivores: felines, canids, seals) e. Marsupials Perissodactyla Cetartiodactyla Chiroptera

Answer 1

1. Monophyletic includes Mammalia and Aves. A group of organisms descended from a single ancestor.

2. Bats are related to primates(lemurs, monkeys, apes, and human)

3.live birth among most mammals is associated with their adaptive radiation is likely not a potential reason.

4 biological species concept has some limitations, it excludes asexual organisms because they do not interbreed

Phylogenetic species concept: represents a common ancestor with the branches representing the divergence of species from this ancestor

phenetic species concept: here phenotypic similarity is all that matters in recognizing separate species

evolutionary species concept: is a lineage evolving separately from others and with its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies.

5.All the above