Question

Compare and contrast major organ or tissue systems Internal Transport Systems between animals and plants. In addition to clearly comparing (similarities) and contrasting (differences), make sure to address: • Overall evolution of the systems, starting from ancient organisms: how did the system change in later organisms? • What homeostasis being maintained by this system • Structures and Functions that are unique to animals and to plants related to this system • Responses (short term) to the environment associated with this system

Answer 1

• Animals have one system of vessels blood goes away heart to cells in arteries. nutrients transfer to cells in capillaries then the blood goes back to the heart in veins. Blood circulates around and around in one system.
• In plants food has to be transported to all parts . This is done by the vascular tissue called the phloem, and the water is transported through xylem. Thus, xylem and phloem transport substances in plants.
• All animals and plants are classified as multicellular eukaryotes: their bodies are made up of large numbers of cells, and microscopic inspection of these cells reveals that they contain a nucleus and a number of other organelles. Compared to prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, plants and animals have a relatively recent evolutionary origin. DNA evidence suggests that the first eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, between 2500 and 1000 million years ago. That is, eukaryotes as a taxon date from the Proterozoic Era, the final Era of the Precambrian. Fossils of both simple unicellular and more complex multicellular organisms are found in abundance in rocks from this period of time.
• Plants and animals both are endosymbiosis in which one cell digests another but then fails to do for some reason both plant and animal rely on structures called mitochondria to release energy in their cells ,using aerobic respiration to produce energy carrying molecule ATP
• Like the plants, animals evolved in the sea. And that is where they remained for at least 600 million years. This is because, in the absence of a protective ozone layer, the land was bathed in lethal levels of UV radiation. Once photosynthesis had raised atmospheric oxygen levels high enough, the ozone layer formed, meaning that it was then possible for living things to venture onto the land.
• The oldest fossil evidence of multicellular animals, or metazoans, is burrows that appear to have been made by smooth, wormlike organisms.
• The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms of today
• Homeostasis allows animals to maintain a degree of stability in tile environment, allowing them to survive drastic changes in their environment. Environmental factors include temperature, salinity, and chemical makeup of the nearby surroundings.
• Angiosperms or flowering plants maintain homeostasis by keeping their stomata open just enough to allow photosynthesis to take place but not so much that they lose an excessive amount of water
• Animals may respond to environmental stimuli through behaviors that include hibernation, migration, defense, and courtship. As a result of cold, winter weather (stimulus) some animals will hibernate , Migration is the movement of animals from one place to another in response to seasonal changes.
• Plants respond to their environment in a variety of ways.Some common plant stimuli include light, gravity, water, movement of the sun, and touch. The naming of the tropism is associated with the stimulus. For example, the movement of plant roots towards water is called hydrotropism.

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