Question

TE 5. Mutation is a vague term which applies to the ways in which a genome can be randomly altered. First explain why mutation is crucial in evolution. Then, explain the mutation, and how the mutation occurs, so the genome possesses: 1) a new allele; 2) a new gene or locus; 3) a duplicated gene; and 4) a doubling of the entire genome.

Answer 1

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Part 1

Mutation is simply the alteration of Genome.It is crucial in evolution.It is crucial because it produces an abrupt change in the DNA sequence is needed for survival. For example in Malaria endemic areas the people most likely have sickle cell anemia.{africa} this occur due to mutation in gene coding for Beta globin chain of Haemoglobin.

Mutation causes formation of new allele{Different forms of a gene} which is basic step for evolution.

Survival of fittest-Mutation is the mechanism which help us survive.

Part 2

1)The mutation occurs and forms a new allele: This happens when a mutation occur in the Eggs or Sperm.The gene is altered and These cells fuse to form zygote and thus the altered gene is passed on to progeny.This causes formation of a new form of that gene and thus a new allele.

2)Formation of new gene can take place by many types of mutation-Point mutation which includes-insertion,Deletion etc. ,Mis-sense mutation, non-sense mutations. A gene may also be copied two times or broken in half to form new genes.

3)Duplicated gene:It occurs when there is gain of chromosomes.genes on the chromosome are copied two times.

4)Doubling of entire genome-This condition arises when there is a non disjunction of chromosomes at the time of meiosis during gamete formation.Whole genome is copied two times.