Question

Based on these results:

Herbicide G3P Production Chlorophyll Absorption Normal Oxygen Production NADPH Production ATP Synthase Activity Normal H-1 Nurmal Decrease H-2 Decrease . Decrease. H-3 Decrease Normal I Normal | Normal Decrease I Normal Normal H-4 Decrease Decrease Decrease l Decrease Normal I Normal Increase | Decrease | Decrease Decrease H-5 Decrease

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Answer 1

Production of oxygen occurs at photosystem II by splitting of water. This is called as photolysis of water. Water is oxidised into hydrogen ions, electrons and Oxygen gas.

ATP synthase activity results in the formation of ATP by using electrochemical energy stored in Proton gradient. Proton gradient is generated during electron transport chain taking place in thylakoid membrane.

Glucose 3 phosphate is produced during Calvin cycle taking place in stroma. Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH. So if any one of these is affected, then the production of glucose 3 phosphate will decrease.

Chlorophyll absorption means the expectation of electron present in chlorophyll molecule. This occurs when photosystem 2 absorbs light energy.

NADPH production occurs when photosystem 1 donate electron which it has taken from photosystem 2 to NADP+. NADP+ gets reduced to NADPH.

Answers -

1. First herbicide is decreasing the production of NADPH. It means it is acting upon photosystem 1.

2. Chlorophyll absorption takes place at photosystem II and it is the first process in photosynthesis. So second herbicide is affecting chlorophyll absorption at photosystem 2. This is because it is not only decreasing the amount of chlorophyll absorb, but it is decreasing all the steps too.

3. This herbicide is affecting water splitting reaction at photosystem 2. This is because if water will not split, then there will be no oxygen production.

4. This herbicide affecting only Calvin cycle taking place in stroma. It is not affecting the the formation of ATP and NADPH, but some step of Calvin cycle. This is because glucose 3 phosphate production is decreasing.

5. This herbicide is affecting photosystem 1 in a positive way and ATP synthase enzyme in a negative way. This is because the production of NADPH have increased and ATP has decreased respectively. Because the ATP production has decreased, the production of glucose 3 phosphate has also decreased.

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