Question

23a. TRANSLATION Preparation Due 3-11 Read textbook Sections 17.3-17.5 Please submit your worksheer online (.docx er yd) or type up the answers to submit Learning Goals a. Compare translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. b. Recount the events of translation initiation, elongation, and termination. c. Link ribosomal activity to the secretory pathway. d. Diagram the relationship between a gene, an immature mRNA, a mature mRNA, and a protein. 1. Approximately how many codons are minimally required to encode a polypeptide chain with 54 amino acid residues? (a) 18 (b) 54 (c) 162 2. A tRNA has the anticodon sequence 3- UGC-5'. Which amino acid is attached to it? (Hint: use Figure 16-6 and don't forget that paired polynucleotide strands must be antiparallel.) 3. A ribosome carries out a complicated process and must interact with several different types of molecules. Name (as specifically as possible) two different types of molecules that bind to a ribosome. 4. Explain why aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases must be highly accurate enzymes. (Think about what would happen if an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase made a mistake.) 5. When a eukaryotic ribosome releases a completed polypeptide chain, in what cellular compartment will the polypeptide be located?

Answer 1

Answer 1)

One amino acid is encoded by single codon.That's why 54 codons are required to synthesise 54 amino acids.

Answer 2)

A tRNA anticodon sequence is 3' UGC 5'.

the mRNA codon sequence is 5' ACG 3'.

now look in the mRNa codon table.

It encodes threonine amino acid. Threonine (thr) is attached to tRNA.

Answer 3)

The two molecules that bind to ribosomes are:

mRNA ( messenger RNA) and tRNA ( transfer RNA)

Answer 4)

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme must be highly specific so that a specific amino acid is attached to the one end of tRNA. This amino acid should be corresponding to the anticdon present on tRNA.

Answer 5)

The polypeptide chain is attached at P site in the ribosomes, when polypeptide is relased feom the ribosome. The A site is attained by the relase factor.

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