B. Molecular clocks will tick more accurately when measured in substitutions per year rather than substitutions per generation.
D. Even very large populations will have heterozygosities less than one.
If most mutations are not strictly neutral but rather slightly deleterious, which of the following will...
Read just the long paragraph below and explain in your words the hypothesized evolutionary processes (note, more than one are in play) proposed to remove slightly deleterious alleles from the gene pool. Keep in mind the importance about balance between mutation rates and the consequences to individual fitness. "At first sight, it appears paradoxical that nearly neutral mutations in essential immune genes will be efficiently removed from the species’ gene pool despite having no easily discernible impact on the immune...
INTRODUCTION New mutations that arise on the X chromosome can have different likelihoods of becoming fixed in the population than their autosomal counterparts. This differential likelihood arises because the effect of a recessive mutation on an autosome is only expressed in homozygotes, whereas the effect of a similar recessive mutation that arises on the X chromosome in a male is fully expressed. Thus, advantageous recessive mutations are more likely to become fixed if they are on the X chromosome than...