12. The ideal free distribution (IFD) involves individuals that have ideal information and are free to...
12. The ideal free distribution (IFD) involves individuals that have ideal information and are free to move about, while the ideal despotic distribution (IDD) involves individuals who have ideal information but are sometimes excluded from locations by better competitors. The IDD is to the IFD as a. Territoriality is to clumped dispersion b. Conditional strategies are to alternative strategies C. Migration is to reproductive value d. Anisogamy is to sex allocation 13. You are at home over spring break and your eccentric Uncle Basil points out some small birds huddled together in some shrubs outside. He says, "It's nice to see animals helping each other to stay warm." You respond - Yes, survival of the species is what makes evolution work! The individual birds may well be warmer because they are in a group, but each one is acting in its own interest to find the warmest spot. c. The birds have probably evolved social behaviors because it helps the group raise the largest number of offspring. Uncle Basil, why don't you have some more pie? mė b. 14. Uncle Basil then says, "Isn't it amazing how well every animal matches its environment? For example, the kangaroo joey climbs from his mother's uterus to her pouch using front limbs that are specialized for holding onto the mother's fur. Their hind limbs aren't even developed at this point!" You respond - a. Yes, they are very well adapted. I imagine that no other developmental program would lead to higher lifetime reproductive success. While they may appear to be perfectly adapted, the developmental program of any animal is constrained by pleiotropy. There is selection for the joey to perform well both when it climbs into the pouch and later in life when it must use its limbs for locomotion and foraging. If we studied the genes that code for the joey's developmental pattern, we would probably see that the developmental program is independent of the environment d. Uncle Basil, I think there is some more ice cream in the freezer. 15. You can't seem to shake Uncle Basil. He tells you about the radio story he heard last week, "Did you know that seals give birth to live young and nurse them on the beach? It's amazing that an ocean-living animal has evolved such an elaborate method of birthing offspring in a dry environment." You respond - Considering the phylogenetic history of seals, breeding on land is a trait that they inherited from the common ancestor that they share with land mammals. Young pups probably survive better on land where there are no sharks, so land breeding is an adaptation. Since fish breed in the ocean, land breeding in seals is probably not adaptive. Uncle Basil, your office called and they need you to come in right away! dė jo