1. Viral integration into the cellular genome may convert a proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene
2. Immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent graft rejection include drugs (like Imuran) that result in generalized suppression of all dividing cells and drugs that target T cells (like cyclosporine A)
3. IFNα has a direct antitumor effect, while TNFα has an indirect cytotoxic effect on tumor cells
4.Oncogenes are unique genes of a normal cell that only function to promote cell transformation.
5. Attributes of tumor cells include lack of contact inhibition and immortality.
6. Lymphomas are a neoplasm of lymphocytic cells that results in a swollen lymphnodes.
7. Leukemias are a neoplasm that would be expected to easily metastacize.
8. Oncogenes may regulate cytokine production or cytokine receptors, such as myc or that inhibit cellular proliferation (p53), or that promote apoptosis (bcl-2).
9. Alpha-fetoprotein or carcinogeneic embryonic antigen can be targets of an anti-tumor immune response.
10. Multiple copies of cellular oncogenes are sometimes observed in cancer cells.
11. The immune response against a virus-induced tumor protects against another tumor induced by the same virus
1. Proto-oncogenes are inert genes which regulated the expression of onco gene. on viral genome integration, the cellular genome may undergo mutation and converts the proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene which further causes cancer.
2. yes, immunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent graft rejection that result in generalized suppression of all dividing cells and due to which immune response becomes very low.
3. IFNα is obtained from infected human leucocytes. it promotes the growth and differentiation of B and NK cells. It induces the inflammatory response by activating HLAII and kills tumor cells directly. On the other hand, TNFα is an inflammatory cytokine released by macrophages. its starts inflammatory signalling leading to apoptosis/ necrosis of the cells. ultimately leading to an indirect cytotoxic effect on tumor cells.
4. yes, oncogenes are unique genes of a normal cell that only function to promote cell transformation. On activation they promotes uncontrolled growth, skipping cell checkpointd etc, promoting cancer.
1. Viral integration into the cellular genome may convert a proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene 2....
T/F 1. Viral integration into the cellular genome may convert a proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene 2. Immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent graft rejection include drugs (like Imuran) that result in generalized suppression of all dividing cells and drugs that target T cells (like cyclosporine A) 3. IFNα has a direct antitumor effect, while TNFα has an indirect cytotoxic effect on tumor cells 4. Oncogenes are unique genes of a normal cell that only function to promote cell transformation. 5. Attributes of tumor cells include lack...