Question

Fungi can fill a variety of roles in the ecosystem, based on their strategy for digesting and absorbing nutrients. Their strategy can BEST be described as:

		Engulfing external matter from their surroundings, and then digesting them internally using lysosomes.
		Acquiring organic material from nearby soil, decaying matter, or host tissues and using it to obtain carbon for performing photosynthesis in a photoheterotrophic process.
		Using tendrils to constrict and trap prey, so it can be pulled into a gastrovascular cavity for internal digestion.
		Secreting enzymes from cells, which externally digest matter in the environment, then absorbing broken down nutrients through cell membranes.
		None of the above.

b) In the MAMMALIAN Respiratory System, which of the following are the functional structures where Gas Exchange with the external environment and blood vessels occurs?

		Esophagus
		Larynx
		Trachea
		Bronchioles
		Alveoli

Answer 1

Answer :

1) In fungi digestion precedes ingestion. Fungi produce exoenzymes (enzymes which act outside the cell to digest available matter) . During digestion large molecules are broken into smaller molecules which can be transported into cell by protein carriers present in cell membrane.

Fungi decompose organic matter to release nitrogen and phosphorus.Fungi do not perform photosynthesis .

Tendrils are specialised thread like structures that have ability to twine around like helices as seen in pea plant . In mushroom, mass of underground tendrils called mycelium is found which help them feed on organic matter .

HENCE option mentioning secreting enzymes from cells which externally digest matter in the environment , then obtaining breakdown materials through cell membrane is correct.

2) Alveoli are tiny air sacs in lung where actual gas exchange take place .

Esophagus is food pipe which has nothing to do with gas exchange .

Oxygen rich air from environment a Nasopharynx Oxygen movement direction Trachea CO₂ movement direction Bronchi Bronchioles a Alveoli Gas exchange Oxygen received ü blood Con is released from blood