Question

Question 1 1) Embryophytes are 1. Land Plants 2. phylogenetically one lineage of green algae 3. a non-monophyletic group 4. sister taxa a to Chlorophytes 5. plants that nurture a multicelled embryo inside the maternal tissue A) 1, 2 & 5 B) 1,3,& 4 C) 1, 2, 4. & 5 D) 2.3.& 4 E) All of the above

Answer 1

1. Option A

a. The Embryophyta are also known as the land plants. These green plants are reported to form the majority of the vegetation on the earth.

b. They phylogenetically belong to one lineage of green algae groups such as Charophyceae and Coleochaetales,

c. Embryophytes are complex multicellular eukaryotes and they are reported to form specialized reproductive structures.

d. They are plants that can nurture young embryo also called sporophyte during their early stages of development within the parent gametophyte.

e. The majority of the embryophytes obtain their energy by photosynthesis

f. The embryophytes are reported to evolve from streptophyte green algae.

2. Option B

The Charophyte algae are mostly freshwater green algae and they have some characteristics related to the land plants. The Charophyte algae display diverse morphologies and they have different reproductive strategies too. On the other hand, the Embryophyta, also known as the land plants, are green plants that are reported to form majority of the vegetation on earth.

The characteristics shared by them are as follows-

a. They have similar nature of plastids and they also have similar nature of chloroplast DNA.

b. Both of them have cellulose cell walls and the cellulose is reported to be produced from a similar ring or rose shaped structured proteins in both the groups.

c. The peroxisomes are packed with majority of the anti-photorespiration enzymes in both the groups.

d. They have similar ultrastructure of sperm. Both of them have flagellated sperm

e. The mode of cell division is similar and they are reported to form similar structures (phragmoplasts) during the process of cell division