The outcome of fusion is hard to predict in terms of gene expression and phenotype. This...
The outcome of fusion is hard to predict in terms of gene expression and phenotype. This is because fusion depends on type of parental cell, the interaction of structural modifications to chromatin/DNA and diffusible regulatory factors. Are there any factors that dominate when cells fuse to express a certain phenotype?
Homework Answers
- The sum of organism's observable characteristics is their phenotype.
- A phenotype is influenced the genotype does not equal phenotype.
- The phenotype is influenced by the genotype and factors including :
- Epigenetic modification
- Environmental and lifestyle factors
- Epigenetic modifications are defined as stable and heritable alternations in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the orginal DNA sequence.
- Environmental factors such as diet ,temperature,oxygen level,humidity,light cycles,and the presence of mutagen can all impact which ultimately effect the animals phenotype.
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The outcome of fusion is hard to predict in terms of gene
expression and phenotype. This...
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete...
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete each sentence using the words provided.In some cells, DNA combines with proteins to form a substance calledThe lowest level of chromatin structure consists of DNA wrapped twice around a group of histones to form a(n)The formation of nucleosomes may block the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to theThe structure of chromatin can be modified by altering either the DNA or the...
4. At the molecular level, how does a parental cell"pass down" its expression pattern in terms...
4. At the molecular level, how does a parental cell"pass down" its expression pattern in terms of epigenetics. In other words, how is it possible for a child to express a recessive phenotype of a gene if they are heterozygous?
1) The Innocence Project uses DNA fingerprint testing to explore the potential innocence of selected people...
1) The Innocence Project uses DNA fingerprint testing to explore
the potential innocence of selected people convicted of crimes. The
Innocence Project discovered that the main reason that people are
wrongly convicted is because of
Select one:
a) trial judicial procedural errors.
b) police and legal system corruption.
c) mistakes made by the defense legal team.
d) mistakes made in forensic DNA testing.
e) incorrect eyewitness identification.
2) Gene expression in eukaryotic cells requires a change from a
highly condensed...
10. 10. When considering regulation of gene expression A. miRNA/RISC complex binding will lead to degradation...
10.
10. When considering regulation of gene expression A. miRNA/RISC complex binding will lead to degradation of target mRNA. B. siRNA/RISC complex binding will halt translation of the target mRNA. C. proteins are destroyed by the proteasome using GTP energy D. labeling of proteins for destruction by the proteasome requires ATP energy 11. When comparing the epigenomes of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells A. cancerous cells increase the methylation of genes that promote cell growth. B. cancerous cells increase...
Question 1 Match the term with the best definition or description; most topics relate to the...
Question 1 Match the term with the best definition or description; most topics relate to the regulation of gene expression. General type of protein which will increase transcription rates when it attaches to a site A. Factor connected to a particular gene - B. Co-repressor C. Enhancer D. Promoter E. Structural F. Intron G. Activator H. Operator I. Basal transcription J. Glucocorticoid receptor K. Sigma factor L. Mediator M. Inducer N. TATA box O. Repressor The rates of mRNA produced...
Yet, all the cells in your body contain the same genes (and same alleles). The difference...
Yet, all the cells in your body contain the same
genes (and same alleles). The difference across cell types
is that genes get selectively expressed (turned on or off)
based on the proteins needed for cellular function given their
environment.
Select which statement explains the reason why hair does not
normally grow on your muscle cells.
a.
Muscle cells have the gene for keratin, but do not express
it
b.
Muscle cells do not have the gene for keratin and...
2. A dominant allele H reduces the number of body bristles that Drosophila flies have, giving...
2. A dominant allele H reduces the number of body bristles that Drosophila flies have, giving rise to a “hairless” phenotype. In the homozygous condition, H is lethal. An independently assorting dominant allele S has no effect on bristle number except in the presence of H, in which case a single dose of S suppresses the hairless phenotype, thus restoring the "hairy" phenotype. However, S also is lethal in the homozygous (S/S) condition. What ratio of hairy to hairless flies...
Explain the following in terms a highschooler would understand (from article Expression of HoxD Genes in...
Explain the following in terms a highschooler would understand (from article Expression of HoxD Genes in Developing and Regenerating Axolotl Limbs, 1998): DISCUSSION: Expression of HoxD genes in developing axolotl limb buds. We have examined the expression of Hoxd-8, Hoxd10, and Hoxd-11 genes in axolotl limb buds and find many similarities between the patterns of expression in axolotls and those described for other vertebrates. Similarities are most pronounced in phases I and II (Nelson et al., 1996; Shubin et al.,...
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS: 1.What is true of tRNA (transfer RNA)? A they contain an...
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS: 1.What is true of tRNA (transfer RNA)? A they contain an anti-codon B they carry an amino acid C they can interpret the genetic code D all of these are true 2. How can transcription factors bound to distant enhancers influence gene expression? A the transcription factors can slide along the DNA until they get to the gene's promoter B DNA can loop, bringing these proteins into contact with the gene's promoter C both of...
immunology practing samples and not sure if my answers correct. 1. NK cells are effective against...
immunology
practing samples and not sure if my answers correct.
1. NK cells are effective against viral infections because many virus infected cells a. are susceptible to lysis b. are susceptible to phagocytosis c. show reduced levels of MHC class I molecules d. show reduced levels of MHC class II molecules e. none of the above 2. Arachidonic acid serves as a substrate in the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways resulting in the production of a. histamine, leukotrienes b. leukotrienes, prostaglandins...
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete each sentence using the words provided.In some cells, DNA combines with proteins to form a substance calledThe lowest level of chromatin structure consists of DNA wrapped twice around a group of histones to form a(n)The formation of nucleosomes may block the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to theThe structure of chromatin can be modified by altering either the DNA or the...
4. At the molecular level, how does a parental cell"pass down" its expression pattern in terms of epigenetics. In other words, how is it possible for a child to express a recessive phenotype of a gene if they are heterozygous?
1) The Innocence Project uses DNA fingerprint testing to explore
the potential innocence of selected people convicted of crimes. The
Innocence Project discovered that the main reason that people are
wrongly convicted is because of
Select one:
a) trial judicial procedural errors.
b) police and legal system corruption.
c) mistakes made by the defense legal team.
d) mistakes made in forensic DNA testing.
e) incorrect eyewitness identification.
2) Gene expression in eukaryotic cells requires a change from a
highly condensed...
10.
10. When considering regulation of gene expression A. miRNA/RISC complex binding will lead to degradation of target mRNA. B. siRNA/RISC complex binding will halt translation of the target mRNA. C. proteins are destroyed by the proteasome using GTP energy D. labeling of proteins for destruction by the proteasome requires ATP energy 11. When comparing the epigenomes of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells A. cancerous cells increase the methylation of genes that promote cell growth. B. cancerous cells increase...
Question 1 Match the term with the best definition or description; most topics relate to the regulation of gene expression. General type of protein which will increase transcription rates when it attaches to a site A. Factor connected to a particular gene - B. Co-repressor C. Enhancer D. Promoter E. Structural F. Intron G. Activator H. Operator I. Basal transcription J. Glucocorticoid receptor K. Sigma factor L. Mediator M. Inducer N. TATA box O. Repressor The rates of mRNA produced...
Yet, all the cells in your body contain the same
genes (and same alleles). The difference across cell types
is that genes get selectively expressed (turned on or off)
based on the proteins needed for cellular function given their
environment.
Select which statement explains the reason why hair does not
normally grow on your muscle cells.
a.
Muscle cells have the gene for keratin, but do not express
it
b.
Muscle cells do not have the gene for keratin and...
immunology
practing samples and not sure if my answers correct.
1. NK cells are effective against viral infections because many virus infected cells a. are susceptible to lysis b. are susceptible to phagocytosis c. show reduced levels of MHC class I molecules d. show reduced levels of MHC class II molecules e. none of the above 2. Arachidonic acid serves as a substrate in the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways resulting in the production of a. histamine, leukotrienes b. leukotrienes, prostaglandins...
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