There are 3 phases of Energy
Metabolism
1) Cephalic Phase
2) Digestive Phase, and
3) Adsorption Phase
Cephalic Phase: During this phase of energy
metabolism Insulin is releases due to sight, smell and thought of
food. This process is controlled by brain.
Digestive Phase: During digestive phase food makes
entry into the gut. In response to high fat or protein content in
stomach insulin got secreted in gut and when food reaches the gut
CCK gut hormones activates and stimulates release of above secreted
insulin into the gut.
Adsorptive Phase: In this nutrients got adsorped
into the cells and used up for immediate energy requirement.
Remaining glucose and other things are stored for future use. At
this time glucose level increases in blood stream and this
increased level of glucoses stimulates pancrease gland and live
glucodetector and causes direct insulin secretion and release into
the blood. this insulin takes up glucose molecules from blood
stream to cell for their work. where this glucose molucules
produces energy and uses it for various processes..
You can see in all 3 phases you will find release of insulin which
takes up glucose and transfers to cell for energy production. Hence
during this 3 phases insulin level will be high and glucose level
will be low.
Functions of pancreatic hormones:
Pancrease secretes and discharges digestive enzymes into the gut
and also secretes carbohydrates metabolising hormones . so, it
helps in digestion process and also helps in energy
metabolism.
It also helps in maintaining salt balance.
various primary pancreatic hormones secreted by pancrease are
Gastrin, somatostatin, Vasoactive intestinal peptide, insulin and
glucagon..
Regulation of energy metabolism by Pancreatic
hormones:
Two pancreatic hormones are involved in carbohydrates metabolism
(energy metabolism )and its regulation.
They are Insulin and
Glucagon.
Insulin and glucagon both are secreted in response to glucose
levels in blood . Glucagon is counter regulatory hormone to
insulin.
Insulin is secreted when in response to food stimulation, high
glucose levels and it helps in glucose take up to cell from blood
stream. where as glucagon is secreted when glucose levels are down
in blood stream. Gucagon helps in bringing back glucose level to
normal in blood stream. it acts on liver where it converts stored
glycogen to glucose. This glucose is secreted innto the blood
stream and hence blood glucose levels comes to normal.
In this way glucose levels and metabolism are regulated by two pancreatic hormones.
estion 1 Describe the three phases of energy metabolism, their function, and their regulation by pancreatic...
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