All specialist diets pose nutrient challenges. You have read about the nutrient deficiencies that hematophagous bats face. However, bats feeding exclusively (or mainly) on nectar, fruits or meat also face nutrient deficiencies. Thus, evolutionary speaking it is easier to explain an omnivorous diet. This is why vegan or vegetarian people have a harder time finding all the nutrients needed than omnivorous people. Still it has been shown that a vegetarian diet has its advantages, specially regarding maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
Why then, do you think natural selection would favor animals like these specialist bats, focus on a particular food source instead of eating whatever is available?
Do you think traits that allowed them to take advantage of those food sources appear before or after transitioning to that food source? Why?
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All specialist diets pose nutrient challenges. You have read about the nutrient deficiencies that hematophagous bats...