Question

30. Concerning the avian-adapted, highly pathogenic strain of HSN1 (called HPAI A(HSNI), for "highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of type A of subtype HSN1"), which of the following is false: causes "avian influenza" or simply "bird flu" has resulted in death of many millions of chickens and birds has resulted in recent deaths of many hundred thousands of exposed humans endemic in many bird populations all of the above are true Ae E. 31. Concerning helminthes, which of the following is false? Includes roundworms, flukes and tapeworms. B. Consumption of the eggs of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium can cause systemic spread to the brain and other organs (cystercercosis). C. Ascaris lumbricoides is a giant roundworm that may obstruct the intestine with "worm balls." Taenia saginata is the beef tapeworm and the largest helminth. E. None of the above is false. D. M A. 32. Which of the following is false conceming infection with Chlamydia trachomatis? Most infected females & males are symptomatic (have symptoms). Certain serovars cause lymphogranuloma venerum, a rare but serious STD. Small G-obligate intracellular pathogen transmitted by contact. It has a complex life cycle with external elementary bodies and intracellular replicating reticulate bodies. E. The most common cause of bacterial STD & preventable blindness (trachoma). 33. Which of the following false concerning fungi? Sexual and asexual spores. B. Most antifungals target ergosterol in the fungal membrane. septate or non-septate hypha. D. most systemic fungal infections are acquired from people. E. fungal spores are propagules for spread & reproduction. 34. Which of the following is not true of influenza viruses? A. the influenza virus undergoes minor changes (antigenic drift) in H & N spikes due to replication errors. the influenza virus undergoes major changes (antigenic shift) in H and N when different viruses (e.g., human, avian, pig) infect the same host cell and recombine influenza killed more than 1 million in the US and greater than 50 million worldwide in 1918. D. pneumonia and influenza were the number one cause of death in the US at the start of the 20th century E. all of the above are true

Answer 1

30. Ans: c) has resulted in recent deaths of many hundred thousands of exposed humans.

Comment; HN51 is a type of influenza virus that cause severe disease in birds called avian flu or bird flu. It results in death of millions of birds and chicken. It remains poorly adapted to humans. It occurs in humans occasionally (when associate closely with infected live or dead birds) but difficult to transmit from one person to another, however it can cause severe disease in humans.

31. Ans: d) Taenia saginata is the beef tapeworm and the largest helminth.

Comments: Helminths is a term for parasitic worms. It includes: platyhelminths (flatworms), acanthocephalins (thorny-headed worms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes) and nematodes (roundworms). T. saginata is a beef tapeworm but not the largest helminth. Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest and most common helminths, growing to a length of up to 35 cm. Cysticercosis is an infection caused by consumption of eggs of tapeworm Taenia solium. It can lead to neurological and ocular complication and rarely death.

32. Ans: a) most infected females and males are symptomatic.

Comment: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacteria that cause chlamydia. It is a sexually transmitted disease. It do not exhibit symptoms. Even though Chlamydia causes no symptoms it can damage reproductive system. The consequences in women can be particularly severe, resulting in chronic pelvic pain or infertility. Trachoma (preventable blindness) is also caused by certain subtypes of chlamydia trachomatis.

C. trachomatis life cycle consist of two distinct life stages: elementary bodies and reticulate bodies. Elementary bodies are spore-like and infectious, whereas reticulate bodies are the replicative stage and are seen only within host cell.

33. Ans: d) most systematic fungal infections are acquired from people.

Comment: Fungi are a heterotrophic organism and plays an important role in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually. The infectious propagules in fungi are thought to be spores that are readily aerolized and function as effective dispersal agents. They have the ability to survive under harsh environmental condition.

Systematic fungal infections typically occurs in the individuals who are seriously ill with recognised risk factors.

34. Ans: All of these are true.