Question

5. (9 pts) The following are questions regarding the phylogeny and classification of vertebrates: Use scientific names of all taxa. a) What major groups of organisms are included in the Sarcopterygii? b) Name a synapomorphy of the Gnathostomata. c) What groups are included in the Tetrapoda? Do not include subgroups whose more inclusive group has already been named. (e.g. Don't list Drosophilidae if Insecta is one of the groups) d) Name a synapomorphy of the Lissamphibia. e) Having a pectoral girdle that is free of the skull is a synapomorphy of what group? 1) What is a cleidoic egg, and for what group is it a synapomorphy? Name the three major membranes (not including the yolk sac) and their functions.
PLEASE HELP, im desperate and need a lot of help. FOR ALL PARTS of the question, please explain. thank you so much

Answer 1

a..sarcopterygii are also known lobe -finned fish .early lobe-finned fishes are bony fish with fleshy,lobed ,paired fins ,which are joined to the body by a single bone.major groups of sarcopterygii-coelacanth(coelacanthomorpha),and lungs fish (dipnoi) and land invertebrates (tetrapods).                          b.synapomorphhy of gnathostomata-four hox gene cluster,enlarged forebrain that is flexible ventrally with respect to hind brain ,basically synapomorphy ia a charcteristic present in an ancestral species that share by its evolutanary descendants.            c.tetrapoda have four limbs ,well developed muscular tongue,olfactory organ,pararathyroid gland that control calcium level in blood,they first appeared in devonian period,tetrapoda vary greatly in size,smallest living tetrapod is paedophyrine frog and largest is blue whale.tetrapod are a group of vertebrates that inclide amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals. synapomorphies of Lissamphibia -pedicellate and bicuspid teeth,the middle ear is made up of two parts,the fat bodies develop from the germinal ridge,the skin contain both mucus andpoisonous    e.tetrapod              f.cledoic egg are the charcteristics of birds and reptiles ,these type of egg having a protective shell and are laid out of water thier shell may be hard made up of calcium carbonate or may be flexible ,they feed embryo and help in hatchling,three major membrane are amnion,chorion,allantois.,,function of chorion are that it acts as an organ of respiration and lies in association with allantois ,and function of amnion-it protect the embryo from the danger of desiccation ,it protect the embryo from adhesion with the shell and embryonic membranes ,it helps in the absorption of albumen ..............function of allantois-it acts as receptacles for the embryonic urine ,it acts as an organ of nutrition utilising albumen ,it acts as respiratory structure;the amnion ,chorion and allantois can be collectively regarded adaptations which allow embryo as well as the adult to live on dry land.