Question

23. What are the three disorders related to curvatures of the spine. Describe 24. Name the three parts of the sternum. What are the different structures found on the sternum 25. What is costochondritis? 26. What is spina bifida? What vitamin deficiency places babies at risk for this? 27. Review all of the major bones of the appendicular skeleton 28 What are the articulations of the shoulder? What bones are involved? 29. Nime some of the causes of a fractured clavicle Where is the clavicle most vulnerable? What structures can be injured when there is a clavicle injury? 30. Know the major structures on the scapula. What structure runs through the scapular notch? What structures attach to the suprascapular fossa, infraspinous fowa

Answer 1

ANS. 23. The three main disorders of curvature of the spine are-

Lordosis - in this disorder, the curvature of the spine curves inward at the lower back.

Kyphosis - in this disorder, the curvature of the spine curves outward abnormally (more than 50 degrees curve).

Scoliosis - in this disorder, the curvature of the spine is curved sideways.

ANS. 24. The three different parts of the sternum are-

• Manubrium - the most superior portion.
• Body - flat and elongated portion. the largest portion of the sternum.
• Xiphoid Process - the most inferior and the smallest part of the sternum.

The different structures found on the sternum are-

clavicular notch, suprasternal notch, 1st to 7th costal notch, xiphisternal junction, sternal angle, 1st to 4th sternebrae.

ANS. 25. Costochondritis is a condition in which inflammation occurs in the cartilage which connects a rib to the breastbone.

ANS. 26. Spina bifida is an inborn deformity in which the spinal cord of the fetus failed to develop properly.

Foliate deficiency can cause a risk for spina bifida.

ANS. 27. The appendicular skeleton comprises of 126 bones.

• there is a total of 4 shoulder girdles - 2 scapulae and 2 clavicles.
• 2 humerus, 2 ulnae, and 2 radius.
• 54 bones in hands - 16 carpals, 10 metacarpals, 10 proximal phalanges, 8 intermediate phalanges, and 10 distal phalanges.
• 2 ilium, 2 ischia, and 2 pubis.
• 2 femur, 2 patellae, 2 tibias, 2 fibulae.
• 14 tarsals, 10 metatarsals, 10 proximal phalanges, 8 intermediate phalanges, and 10 distal phalanges.

ANS. 28. Articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula forms a shoulder joint. the type of joint is "ball and socket joint".