Question

For each of the following processes: (i) give an example of a redox reaction, I expect chemical formulae here, it may be easier to hand write these because the nomenclature is important. (ii) give an example of a prokaryote that utilizes this process and explain why an organism uses this process (e.g. why would cyanobacteria utilize phototrophy?). (iii) describe in detail how these processes can impact the environment and provide a direct example to support your claim.

 Organotrophy

 Lithotrophy

 Phototrophy

BIO 350: Electron Transfer Assignment

I) For each of the following processes: (i) give an example of a redox reaction, I expect chemical formulae here, it may be easier to hand write these because the nomenclature is important. (ii) give an example of a prokaryote that utilizes this process and explain why an organism uses this process (e.g. why would cyanobacteria utilize phototrophy?). (iii) describe in detail how these processes can impact the environment and provide a direct example to support your claim.

 Organotrophy  Lithotrophy

 Phototrophy

IIa) Describe what the chemiosmotic theory is and how it led to the discovery if proton motive force.

For each bulleted process you have to complete those three subquestions in the first question

Give a redox rxn, bacteria example, and environmental impact of organotrophy for example

does this help? sorry

Answer 1

Ques No.1 :- Give an example of a redox reaction for following process (a).Organotrophy (b)Lithotrophy & (c)Phototrophy

Ans: (a) Example of Redox Reaction in Organotrophy:

Organotrophy is the condition of an organism obtaining its energy from organic compounds. In organotrophy the redox reaction of compound is of organic nature. Organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds. In organic chemistry oxidations and reductions are different from ordinary redox reactions because many reactions carry the name but do not actually involve electron transfer in the electrochemical sense of the word.Instead the relevant criterion for organic oxidation is gain of oxygen and/or loss of hydrogen. Following is an example of Organotrophic Redox Reaction:

Hн Na NH, ROH Hн

This reaction convert arenes to cyclohexadienes. In this organic reduction of aromatic rings in liquid ammonia with sodium, lithium, or potassium and an alcohol, such as ethanol and tert-butanol.

(b) Example of Redox Reaction in Lithotrophy:

Lithotrpohs are organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds (such as ammonia) via electron transfer.lithotrophy is the oxidation of inorganic chemicals for the generation of energy and is another form of cellular respiration. These organisms are exclusively bacteria and archaea. The electron sources for their electron transport system are inorganic and, as with the heterotrophs, ATP is generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Although lithotrophs may perform aerobic or anaerobic respiration, because of energy constraints, they are typically aerobic.Following is an example of Lithotrophic Redox Reaction:

Aerobic reactions in which microbes use O2 to oxidize reduced forms of N (ammonium, NH4 + , and NO2 − ), Fe (Fe[II]), and S (H2S and elemental sulfur, S0 ), yielding NO3 − , Fe(III), and SO4 2−, respectively.

(b) Example of Redox Reaction in Phototrophy:

Phototrophs are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes.

Phototrophy refers to the utilization of solar electromagnetic radiation for energy conservation. In most cases, but not all phototrophy also implies a close coupling to the energy requirement for reduction of CO2 for assimilation into organic matter according to the general scheme:

2H2A+CO2→2[CH2O]+2A,

where H2A represents an external electron donor and A is an oxidized product in a process referred to as photosynthesis.Following is an example of Phototrophic Redox Reaction:

Photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.