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child, who has been successfully treated for seizure A disorders with oral phenytoin for several years, has had severe diarrhea for the past 2 weeks. Subsequent to this, the patient had a seizure. Evaluation of serum phenytoin at the time of the seizure revealed a low value. The dose was increased until serum concentrations were within the therapeutic range. The diarrhea was resolved. Several days after this, the patient had another seizure. Questions l. What is the most probable cause of the initial low serum phenytoin? 2. Would determination of free serum phenytoin aid in resolving the cause of the initial seizure? 3. What assays other than the determination of serum phenytoin would aid in this situation? 4. What is the most probable cause of the seizure after the diarrhea has been resolved?
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Answer #1

1. Serum Phenytoin is highly protein bound and will bind to serum proteins and will not have pharmacological effect. The therapuetic effect is by the free phenytion in the serum.

2. As free serum phenytoin i.e., unbound to any proteins in serum is the therapuetically important and estimating the levels will help to understand the effect on the seizures.

3. Diarrhea is also a side effect of prolonged use of phenytoin. However stool test or ecoli test is also important to find out the exact reasons for diarrhea. details about other medications and low white blood cells perhaps are the other tests done to find the reasond for the diahrrea.

4. free phenytoin concentration is low or dosage is not sufficent.

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