Question

Hi, for the question, please fill it yes or no for each part bolded.

Susan and Joe were worried. Their little boy, Daniel, had been having an awful lot of bacterial infections and he was barely a year old. It seemed that the antibiotics cleared up one bacterial respiratory infection only to have another follow shortly. The scary thing was that Daniel had just fought off a case of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carnii, a fungal infection that was usually found in people with HIV. Waiting for the test results of an HIV test for their little boy was one of the worst waits ever. Thank goodness it came back negative. However, it seemed that their troubles were just beginning. After this last lung infection, the fungal one, and a negative HIV test, their doctor had ordered a number of other blood tests, including a genetic test that Susan didn’t fully understand. Apparently the doctor was worried about Daniel’s immune system functions. Susan had also met with a genetic counselor who collected a family history of any immune disorders. The details were vague, but Susan’s mother, Helen, knew that one of her three brothers had died young from an unexplained lung infection. Unfortunately, Grandma Ruth had passed away a few years ago, leaving them with numerous unanswered questions. Susan and Joe had an appointment with their doctor that afternoon to go over the results. When they arrived Dr. Dresdner led them into an office where Ms. Henchey, the genetic counselor, waited. This can’t be good, thought Susan. The doctor began by explaining that they had analyzed Daniel’s blood and found that while he had normal levels of B cells and T cells, his antibody levels were anything but normal. The levels of IgG, IgA, and IgE were very low, almost undetectable, and Daniel had abnormally high levels of IgM and IgD. He went on to explain the nature of these different categories of immunoglobulins.

Early diagnosis and proper monitoring and treatments can help children with Hyper IgM avoid some life threatening infections. However, without a successful bone marrow transplant the life expectancy of those with Hyper IgM is only ~30 years of age.  At 14 years of age Daniel was able to receive a bone marrow transplant from his sister. The transplant was successful and Daniel is now in graduate school studying primary immunodeficiencies (primary immunodeficiencies are caused by inherited genetic mutations/variants).

Daniel is currently working with different strains of mice, each with a homozygous deletion of a key immune system associated gene. He needs to confirm the presence or absence of different cell stages in each of the mice.

You are told the deleted gene in each strain of mouse. Choose whether you expect to see each of the listed B-cell and T-cell stages. antibodies (of any type), IgG antibodies, pro B-cells, immature B-cells, and mature B-cells.

State if each would be present or not:

Deleted Artemis - would each be present or not?

antibodies

IgG antibodies?

pro B-cells?

immature B-cells?

mature B-cells?

DP Thymocytes?

SP Thymocytes?

Mature T-cells?

VpreB deleted, would the following be present?

antibodies

IgG antibodies?

pro B-cells?

immature B-cells?

mature B-cells?

DP Thymocytes?

SP Thymocytes?

Mature T-cells?

Igα and Igβ (both are knocked out/deleted) , would the following be present?

antibodies

IgG antibodies?

pro B-cells?

immature B-cells?

mature B-cells?

DP Thymocytes?

SP Thymocytes?

Mature T-cells?

TDT deleted, would the following be present?

antibodies

IgG antibodies?

pro B-cells?

immature B-cells?

mature B-cells?

DP Thymocytes?

SP Thymocytes?

Mature T-cells?

Answer 1

I Deleted Upreb deleted, - Artemis & Igl and TDJ No Yes - Yes No. Yes. Yes Yes Antibodies - Noya Tobantibodies - No Yes pro B cells 1 Yes Yes immature B-cells) No. Yes mature B-cells | No. Noo Yes DP Thymocytes - Yes sp Thymocytes) I No. Yes Yes NO. No NO I No. . No. No No. I No. mature T-cells No.