Discuss the relationship of calculating lattice energy and the Born-Haber cycle. Here are some suggestions of topics on which to elaborate upon in your explanations: Provide an explanation of the Born-Haber cycle. Explain the difference between ionization energy and electron affinity. Explain how the enthaply of formation is related to the Born-Haber cycle.
This cycle is known as 'Born Haber cycle'. The energy terms involved in building a crystal lattice such as sodium chloride may be taken in steps the elements in their standard state are converted to gaseous atoms ,then to ions and finally converted into crystal lattice .
Born–Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy, which cannot otherwise be measured directly. The lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change involved in the formation of an ionic compound from gaseous ions (an exothermic process), or sometimes defined as the energy to break the ionic compound into gaseous ions (an endothermic process). A Born–Haber cycle applies Hess's law to calculate the lattice enthalpy by comparing the standard enthalpy change of formation of the ionic compound (from the elements) to the enthalpy required to make gaseous ions from the elements.
This latter calculation is complex. To make gaseous ions from elements it is necessary to atomise the elements (turn each into gaseous atoms) and then to ionise the atoms. If the element is normally a molecule then we first have to consider its bond dissociation enthalpy (see also bond energy). The energy required to remove one or more electrons to make a cation is a sum of successive ionization energies; for example, the energy needed to form Mg2+ is the ionization energy required to remove the first electron from Mg, plus the ionization energy required to remove the second electron from Mg+. Electron affinity is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.
The Born–Haber cycle applies only to fully ionic solids such as certain alkali halides. Most compounds include covalent and ionic contributions to chemical bonding and to the lattice energy, which is represented by an extended Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle.
The extended Born–Haber cycle can be used to estimate the polarity and the atomic charges of polar compounds.
The electron affinity is the enthalpy associated with the formation of mole of gaseous anions, from one mole of gaseous atoms, and one mole of electrons:
M(g)+e−→M−(g)+Δ
And ionization enthalpy is the enthalpy associated with the formation of one mole of gaseous cations, and one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms....
M(g)+Δ→M+(g)+e−
Electron affinities reasonably (why) INCREASE across a Period, from left to right as we face the Table, and decrease down a Group
Ionization enthalpies ALSO increase across the Period, and decrease down the Group.
Discuss the relationship of calculating lattice energy and the Born-Haber cycle. Here are some suggestions of...
1)a. Using the Born Haber cycle, determine the enthalpy for lattice formation of MgO. Mg (s), ΔHsub = +148 kJ/mol bond dissociation energy for O2 = +499 kJ/mol 1st ionization energy for Mg = +738 kJ/mol 1st electron affinity for O = –141 kJ/mol 2nd ionization energy for Mg = +1450 kJ/mol 2nd electron affinity for O = +844 kJ/mol MgO(s), enthalpy of formation = –602 kJ/mol 1)b. Calculate the lattice formation energy of MgO using the Madelung constant....
Construct a Born-Haber cycle and calculate the lattice energy of CaC2 (s). Note that this solid contains the diatomic ion C22–.Useful Information:?H°f (CaC2(s)) ?Hsub (Ca (s)) ?Hsub (C (s)) Bond dissociation energy of C2 (g) = +614 kJ/molFirst ionization energy of Ca (g) = +590 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of Ca (g) = +1143 kJ/mol First electron affinity of C2 (g) = –315 kJ/mol Second electronaffinity of C2 (g) = +410 kJ/mol= –60 kJ/mol = +178 kJ/mol = +717 kJ/mol
Using the thermodynamic quantities shown below: construct a
Born-Haber cycle for the following reaction: Li(s) + 1/2
F2(g)
LiF(s); calculate the lattice energy of LiF.
Vaporization of Li(s): +159
F2 bond enthalpy: +155
Li ionization energy: +520
F- electron affinity: +328
LiF(s) heat of formation: -616
Using the data given below, sketch a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of BaC2(s) and insert the various equations and energy values into the individual steps of your cycle Sublimation energy for Ba(s) +180 kJmol1 Electron affinity for Cl(g)-346 kJmol1 First ionization energy for Ba(g)-+514 kJmol1 Bond dissociation energy for Clh(g) +243 kJmol Enthalpy of formation of BaCl2: Ba(s) + Ch(g) BaCh(s)--610 kJmol Lattice energy. Ba2+(g) + 2Cl.(g) → BaCl2(s)--2075 kJmol-1 Calculate the second ionization energy for Ba+(g) → Ba2+(g)...
Part I. Use a Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KCl from the following data. (5 marks) Ionization energy of K(g) = 444.0 kJ mol-1 Electron Affinity of Cl(g) = -381.0 kJ mol-1 Energy to Sublime K(s) = 152.0 kJ mol-1 Bond energy of Cl2 = 201.0 kJ mol-1 ∆rH for K(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) ↔ KCl(s) = -480.0 kJ mol-1 art II. Using the lattice energy calculated in part I determine the enthalpy of solution potassium chloride...
Using the Born Haber cycle in the previous question, and the following energies, calculate the standard energy of formation for Srl2 Enthalpy of sublimation of Sr(s) = 164 kJ/mol 1st ionization energy of Sr(g) = 549 kJ/mol 2nd ionization energy of Sr(g) - 1064 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation of 12(s) = 62 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy of 12(g) - 153 kJ/mol 1st electron affinity of l(g) = -295 kJ/mol Lattice energy of Srlz(s) = -1960 kJ/mol *Note: Do not include...
7) For the ionic solid AlzOs a) Determine its lattice energy using the appropriate Born-Haber cycle and the following values. All values in kJ/mol: IEi (A)-557.5:IE2 (A)-1817; IEs (A)-2745; IE(Al) 11580 E (0)-1314; IE2 (0) 3388; IEs (O)-5300 ΔΗ"a (O) =-141 (first electron affinity) ; ΔΗ'EA AH (Al) 330; AHa (O)-249;AH (Al Os)--1669.8 (o)- 798 (second electron affinity) b) Al:O, crystallizes in a corundum structure. How does the above lattice energy compare to the lattice energy determined by an electrostatic...
Draw the Born-Haber Cycle with these values and calculate
lattice energy.
Problem 1: Label each reaction listed below for the Born-Haber cycle in the formation of Cao lattice and calculate the lattice energy of Cal given the following information. AH KD) Ca(s) + Ca(8) 193 Calg) - Cat (8) + e 590 Cat (8) - Cat (8) + e- 2 O(g) + O2(g) O(8) + e- O (8) -141 O (8) + e- O (8) 878 Ca(s) + O2(g) →...
4) Calculate the lattice enthalpy for calcium fluoride using the Born-Haber cycle method, using the provided table. (Show all your work; 2 points) Enthalpies, AH/(kJ mol) +192 Process Sublimation of Ca(s) Ionization of Ca(g) Dissociation of F2(g) Electron gain by F(g) Formation of CaF (s) +1735 to Ca(ag +157 -328 -1220
What is the Born-Haber cycle? How is it used to determine lattice energy and how is Hess’s law used? Please write it all out, illustrate if necessary.