1. What are the nine criteria of causation that were proposed by Sir Austin Bradford Hill...
1. What are the nine criteria of causation that were proposed by Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1965)? Define them and give an example for each.
2.What is the difference between prospective and retrospective study design? Cite at least one example of each.
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1. What are the nine criteria of causation that were proposed by
Sir Austin Bradford Hill...
Recall the casual criteria presented by Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1965: Casual Criteria Discuss the...
Recall the casual criteria presented by Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1965: Casual Criteria Discuss the criteria in the context of 1) smoking and lung cancer and 2) sleep and weight gain/loss.
discuss the three necessary conditions for causation. What is a correlation? What is the difference between...
discuss the three necessary conditions for causation. What is a correlation? What is the difference between a positive and negative correlation? Give an example of each. What is a correlation coefficient and what would be a perfect one numerically?
10. What is the main difference in appearance between a bar graph and a histogram? 11. Name the type of observational s...
10. What is the main difference in appearance between a bar graph and a histogram? 11. Name the type of observational study (cohort, retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional) AND why you selected this type. A hospital administrator is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and days in the hospital. He/she decides to review patient charts from the last two years a. b. A hospital administrator is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and days in the...
Determine what type of study design was used. After each study design, write down a strength...
Determine what type of study design was used. After each study
design, write down a strength and limitation of the study
design.
Objective: To better understand the mechanisms behind breastfeeding and childhood obesity, we assessed the association of weight gain with the mode of milk delivery aside from the type of milk given to infants. DESIGN: AX study of infants followed up from birth to age 1 year. Multilevel analyses were conducted to estimate infant weight gain by type of...
Solve 1.Define reactivity as it relates to a scientific experiment. Provide two specific examples...
Solve 1.Define reactivity as it relates to a scientific experiment. Provide two specific examples of how reactivity might affect a naturalistic observation experiment. 2.Explain the difference between a non-experimental method and an experimental method. Include a description of how each method is performed and identify which type of validity is more associated with each one. 3.Define both qualitative data and quantitative data. Then, identify the purpose, the group who is studied, and the role of the researcher for each type...
In a study of 380 diabetics and nondiabetics, patients were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to their diabetes status. The probability of being normal weight is...
In a study of 380 diabetics and nondiabetics, patients were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to their diabetes status. The probability of being normal weight is 0.31 and the probability of having diabetes is 0.39. If you select two individuals from the population, the probability of being diabetic and normal weight is 0.09. What is the probability that either of the two randomly selected individuals (or both) will be diabetic or normal weight? a. Pr (diabetic...
Q1 a) Explain what it means that the ordinary least squares regression estimator is a linear...
Q1 a) Explain what it means that the ordinary least squares regression estimator is a linear estimator, paying specific attention to how it implies independent variables interact with each other. b) Give two examples of models where the parameters of interest cannot be directly estimated using OLS regression because of nonlinear relationships between them. c) What is the minimum set of conditions necessary for the OLS estimator to be the most efficient unbiased estimator (BLUE) of a parameter? List each...
Dr. Money wanted to determine whether there were differences between men and women in terms of...
Dr. Money wanted to determine whether there were differences
between men and women in terms of the salaries that they earn. Dr.
Money will need to use what kind of t-test?
Question 1 options:
Between-subjects design t-test
Independent samples t-test
Two-sample t-test
In the PenCast, all of the terms were used to describe the
t-test appropriate for the scenario above
Within subjects t-test
Save
Question 2 (1 point)
Dr. Bowles wanted to explore change in brain volume following a
course...
1.Many different study designs are used in epidemiological research. State which study design is being used in each of t...
1.Many different study designs are used in epidemiological research. State which study design is being used in each of the scenarios described below. Your choices are as follows: *EXPERIMENTAL STUDY *RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY *PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY *CASE-CONTROL STUDY *CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY *ECOLOGICAL STUDY (a) A hospital-based study of antidepressant medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cleft lip in the offspring. Investigators are currently enrolling two groups of women: those who just delivered an infant with a cleft lip and...
1) Define "gem". Choose a gem quality mineral. What is your favorite gem? Why? What is...
1) Define "gem". Choose a gem quality mineral. What is your favorite gem? Why? What is the origin of this mineral and why is it valuable? What is the difference between a gem quality mineral and a precious or semi-precious stone? Make sure you give examples of each. 2) Describe how diamonds form. In what geologic environment do they form? What are "blood diamonds"? Are diamonds really that valuable? Are there gems that are more valuable than diamonds? Are there...
10. What is the main difference in appearance between a bar graph and a histogram? 11. Name the type of observational study (cohort, retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional) AND why you selected this type. A hospital administrator is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and days in the hospital. He/she decides to review patient charts from the last two years a. b. A hospital administrator is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and days in the...
Determine what type of study design was used. After each study
design, write down a strength and limitation of the study
design.
Objective: To better understand the mechanisms behind breastfeeding and childhood obesity, we assessed the association of weight gain with the mode of milk delivery aside from the type of milk given to infants. DESIGN: AX study of infants followed up from birth to age 1 year. Multilevel analyses were conducted to estimate infant weight gain by type of...
Dr. Money wanted to determine whether there were differences
between men and women in terms of the salaries that they earn. Dr.
Money will need to use what kind of t-test?
Question 1 options:
Between-subjects design t-test
Independent samples t-test
Two-sample t-test
In the PenCast, all of the terms were used to describe the
t-test appropriate for the scenario above
Within subjects t-test
Save
Question 2 (1 point)
Dr. Bowles wanted to explore change in brain volume following a
course...
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