How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is...
How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
Homework Answers
Besides the alteration of nucleotide sequences, the other factor that alters the cellular activity is the expression of genes. Altered gene expression changes the protein synthesis (may become hyper or hypo). The expression of genes is influenced by the surrounding environments (nature). For example, the conversion of the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. The epigenetic changes of genes such as DNA methylation also affect the gene expression levels and thus, the RNA synthesis also.
Epigenetic changes in tumour suppressor genes such as hypermethylation turns them inactive and increase the occurrence of mutations. Similarly, the epigenetic changes can also turn the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes (by hypomethylation). These changes contribute to the occurrence of cancer.
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How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be
reconciled with the idea that cancer is...
Cancer and Gene Regulation Why is a cell cycle control system needed for cell division? What...
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1. Inflammation can play a role in cancer (development and/or progression) in which of the following...
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Contrast what tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes do in their normal and cancer-promoting states. Normal ...
Contrast what tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes do in their normal and cancer-promoting states. Normal Cancer-promoting Tumor suppressor gene (Proto-)oncogene
a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require considered mally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How...
a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require considered mally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How do mutated tumor suppressor Ben cell cycle? allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are - The mutation results in a of function. nor suppressor genes affect the a. To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered - The mutation results in a _ _ of function.
The odds of developing of cancer can be increased by ______. turning off oncogenes turning on...
The odds of developing of cancer can be increased by ______. turning off oncogenes turning on tumor suppressor genes both a and b neither a nor b Epigenetics explains why all cells in the body are not the same, even though the cells have the same genes (except for sex cells). True False
Question 35 (1.5 points) Which of the following does NOT lead to cancer formation? mutant proto-oncogenes...
Question 35 (1.5 points) Which of the following does NOT lead to cancer formation? mutant proto-oncogenes mutant tumor suppressor genes passenger mutations mutant Rb Question 36 (1.5 points) The Cdk/cyclin complex can trigger cell division by removing Rb from E2F fixing damaged DNA O
8. Are missense or nonsense mutations more likely to be the underlying cancer causing mutations in...
8. Are missense or nonsense mutations more likely to be the underlying cancer causing mutations in a) oncogenes, b) tumor suppressor genes? Explain your reasoning?
Both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes help control the cell cycle. Genes called encode for cyclins...
Both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes help control the cell cycle. Genes called encode for cyclins that promote the cell cycle, while encode for cyclins that stop the cell cycle. Mutations within these genes cause cells to continue replication without regulation and form Both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes help control the cell cycle. Genes called encode for cyclins that promote the cell cycle, while encode for cyclins that stop the cell cycle.
13. Which of these statements is TRUE? a. Cancer cells usually have more than one mutation....
13. Which of these statements is TRUE? a. Cancer cells usually have more than one mutation. . Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that code for proteins that cause cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) c. Cancer usually involves a gain-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene d. Cancer usually involves a loss-of-function mutation proto-oncogene
Oa. Barbara McClintoek Oh. Brace Ames Oc Calvin Bridges Od. Thomas Hunt Morga Oe. James Watson...
Oa. Barbara McClintoek Oh. Brace Ames Oc Calvin Bridges Od. Thomas Hunt Morga Oe. James Watson 10. As operon that is transcriptionally active and must be turned off is called a(n) Oa. inducible operon Ob. positive-control operon. Oc. repressible operoa. Od. activator operon. Oe. constitutive operon 11. Cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease. Which statement is NOT true? Oa. Mutations in DNA repair genes are linked to cancers. Ob. Misregulation of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes can cause cancer. Oc....
Cancer and Gene Regulation Why is a cell cycle control system needed for cell division? What happens when cells do NOT respond to the cell cycle control system and divide excessively? Tumor Proto-oncogeno (for protein that stimulates coll division) 6 Y DNA Benign Tumor= Mutation withln a control region of DNA Malignant Tumor Mutated promoter Metastasis Normal growth-stimulating protein in excess Oncogene Tumor-Suppressor Genes Proto-oncogene utled tara gese Samor-auppresr gane Many proto-oncogenes code for growth factors /Deletive nonimenig Normel grewt...
a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require considered mally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How do mutated tumor suppressor Ben cell cycle? allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are - The mutation results in a of function. nor suppressor genes affect the a. To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered - The mutation results in a _ _ of function.
Question 35 (1.5 points) Which of the following does NOT lead to cancer formation? mutant proto-oncogenes mutant tumor suppressor genes passenger mutations mutant Rb Question 36 (1.5 points) The Cdk/cyclin complex can trigger cell division by removing Rb from E2F fixing damaged DNA O
8. Are missense or nonsense mutations more likely to be the underlying cancer causing mutations in a) oncogenes, b) tumor suppressor genes? Explain your reasoning?
Both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes help control the cell cycle. Genes called encode for cyclins that promote the cell cycle, while encode for cyclins that stop the cell cycle. Mutations within these genes cause cells to continue replication without regulation and form Both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes help control the cell cycle. Genes called encode for cyclins that promote the cell cycle, while encode for cyclins that stop the cell cycle.
Oa. Barbara McClintoek Oh. Brace Ames Oc Calvin Bridges Od. Thomas Hunt Morga Oe. James Watson 10. As operon that is transcriptionally active and must be turned off is called a(n) Oa. inducible operon Ob. positive-control operon. Oc. repressible operoa. Od. activator operon. Oe. constitutive operon 11. Cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease. Which statement is NOT true? Oa. Mutations in DNA repair genes are linked to cancers. Ob. Misregulation of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes can cause cancer. Oc....
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