Question

genetics

Saved Complete each sentence with the appropriate term or phrase. Some phrases or terms may not be used or may be used more than once. heteroplasmy ATP synthesis In humans, mitochondria are inherited from the mother It is not unusal for cells to have several different mitochondria with different genomes a condition that is known as protein transport Since a cell may have different types of mitochondria, whether the cell is affected depends on the of mutant to normal mitochondria division ATP One aspect of mitochondrial diseases is that they have different symptoms but all show deficiencies in heterozygosity Typically mitochondrial diseases affect cells that require high levels of for proper functioning. ratio translation father Reset

Answer 1

Answer :

Our cells have chromosomal as well as non-chromosomal genetic content. The chromosomal content resides in nucleus and is equally contributed by male and female gamete during fertilization. However, mitochondria is inherited as a part of cytoplasm from mother's egg. Hence, mitochondrial DNA comes entirely from mother. Mitochondria can be divided into two types based on their DNA. If they have mutated DNA, they are called mutated mitochondria. Mitochondria which have normal DNA content are called normal or non-mutated mitochondria. When a cell has only one type of mitochondria (either mutated or normal) then the condition is called homoplasmy. If a cell ,on the other hand, contains both mutated and normal mitochondria, then the condition is called heteroplasmy. Ratio of mutant to normal mitochondria determines whether a cell is affected. If the ratio of mutated mitochondria is high, the cell is considered to be affected. Mutated mitochondria have genomes which have mutations in genes involved in ATP synthesis. Cells with mutated mitochondria are unable to make enough energy and are always out of fuel. This typically affects cells which have more demand for energy (ATP) such as muscle cells, brain cells, etc. Hence, correct choices should be:

In humans, mitochondria are inherited! from the 1 It is not unusal for cells to have several different mitochondria with different genomes a condition that is known as Since a cell may have different types of mitochondria, whether the cell is affected depends on the 3 of mutant to normal mitochondria. One aspect of mitochondrial diseases is that they have different symptoms but all show deficiencies in Typically mitochondrial diseases affect cells that require high levels of for proper functioning. Mother. Heteroplasmy. Ratio. ATP synthesis. ATP.