Question

1. When Abrams and Townsend investigated the natural selection of copepods that avoid predation of bioluminescent dinoflagellates, which of the following best states the hypothesis they were testing?

A. The bioluminescent dinoflagellates produce enough light that they can also photosynthesize at night, harming the copepods.

B. The light emitted by bioluminescent dinoflagellates is of sufficient wavelength and energy to be dangerous to feeding copepods.

C. Bioluminescent flagellates benefit from selection of flashing, because it startles the copepods.

D. Copepods that avoid bioluminescent dinoflagellates have a smaller chance of being eaten by predators than do copepods that remain near and feed on the bioluminescent dinoflagellates.

E. None of the answer choices are correct

2. In the experiment studying bioluminescence and the predation of copepods by fish, a control group of jars with bioluminescent dinoflagellates experienced a higher predation rate of copepods by stickleback fish than in the jars with nonbioluminescent dinoflagellates. This provided significant evidence that

A. copepods that would eat dinoflagellates benefit from fleeing when the protists bioluminesce.

B. All of the answer choices are correct.

C. natural selection has favored the survival of copepods that move rapidly away from flashing bioluminescent dinoflagellates.

D. natural selection has favored the survival of dinoflagellates that can emit light in flashes when disturbed.

E. dinoflagellates can avoid being eaten by increasing the flashing, and attracting predators to eat the copepods near them.

Answer 1

1. Answer - Option D. Because the predation of the copepods will be avoided due to bioluminesence.

2. Answer - Answer Option E. Because the predation in the presence of bioluminesence was higher. Hence it can be said that dinoflagellates can avoid being eaten by increasing the flashing, and attracting predators to eat the copepods near them.