Question

ME 430 THERMO-SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CCNY FALL 2019 Dept: 5) Draw a multistage desalination plant with solar tower, label every component, explain the most important part of the plant and why with cons and pros (20 POINTS)

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Answer 1

The most important part of the solar tower desalination plant is solar plate collector . The explanation of which is given below.

Solar Energy Steam Solar Collector Thermocompressor Extracted Vapor Salt Salt Water Water Condenser Distillate Salt Water Brine Water Water Condensate Water

I have provided the schematic of multistage desalination plant with solar tower along with the explanation of solar collectors.

4.3. Solar collectors Solar water heating (SWH) collectors are heat traps that absorb solar energy and transfer the heat into another medium. Changing the shape, design and materials, they have three major parts in common integrated to each other. The first and the most important part is collector which is exposed to solar radiation at an optimum inclination angle allowing to take maximum radiation throughout the solar season. The second part is a transfer medium that transfers the heat collected by the collector to the third part, storage tank. This medium should be fluid and generally made of water-glycol mixture. Storage tank, the third main part, is a simple heat exchanger (liquid-to-liquid) like collector (gas-to-liquid), which transfers the heat from the transfer fluid to the water to be heated and used. The transfer fluids have to be circulated in order to carry the heat continuously coming into the collector as solar radiation. This circula tion is accomplished by mainly two ways: Natural circulation which is driven by the difference between the relative gravities of hot fluid in the collector and relatively cold fluid which gave its heat to the water in the storage tank. This type of design requires the storage tank to be located higher than the collector. Forced circulation method employs a water pump to circulate the fluid in a closed cycle instead of letting it to circulate slowly by means of the small difference between the gravities of hot water in the collector and warm water in the storage tank.

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