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10. Describe each of the following excretory systems: A. Flame cells: B. Metanephridia: C. Malpighian tubules: D. Kidneys
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A. Flame cells are present in flat worms. Nephridium is their excretory organ or ciliated flame cells are at the end of tubule of nephridium. Fluid passes doun throgh the tubule.

B. metanephridia is excretory gland in mollusca. metanephridia collect fluid from celomic cavity which later enter tubules whers water and nutrients are absorbed and waste excreted.

c. Malphigian tubule is present in insects. Osmosis happen in this tubule. Potassium in and fluid out.

d. Bean shaped organ present in vertibrates. Nephrons are mainly fucntional unit in kidney. Regulate concentration of water and sodium by filtering blood, reabsorb required and excret rest as urine.

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