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Learning Goal Internal Energy of an ideal gas The internal energy of a system is the energy stored in the system. In an ideal gas, the internal energy includes the kinetic energies (translational and rotational) of all the molecules, and other energies due to the interactions among the molecules. The internal energy is proportional to the Absolute Temperature T and the number of moles n (or the number of molecules N). n monatomic ideal gases, the interactions among the molecules are negligible, and the kinetic energies are only translational. In such cases, the internal energy 3 2 3 3 2 Consider the ideal gas law PV = nRT, the internal energy 2 ▼ Part A- Consider the case where the work the gas does on the pistion (work BY gas) W is Positive. In doing the work (pushing the piston outward), the ideal gas has to consume some of its internal energy. Therefore the ideal gass internal energy U decreases. Compare the final internal enegy Ufinal to the inital internal energy Uinitial: UinalUinital O Ufinal UinitalPart B-Define the change in internal energy as_Δυ-Ufinal-U initial, what is the sign of Δυ in this case? Opositive O zero O negative Submit Request Answer Part C-How should the work W and the change in internal energy Δυ be related? Submit Request AnswerPart D Now the piston in the cylinder in Problem 1 is locked in place (it doesnt move). The cylinder is initially at room temperature. It is then placed into boiling water and reaches thermal equilibrium with the boiling water How does the ideal gass internal energy change? No change Decreases O Increases Submit Request Answer Part E-in Part D, what is the sign of Δυ? O Negative O Positive O zero Submit Request AnswerPart F- In part D & E, the energy transfer from the boiling water into the ideal gas is called Heat Transfer Q. If heat Q is transferred INTO a system, Q is Positive. If heat Q is transferred OUT of a system, Q is Negative. In this case, how should heat Q and change in internal energy AU be related? Submit Request Answer Part G-Put your result in Part C and Part F together, how would you write an equation relating work W, heat Q, and change in inernal energy Δυ?

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