Question

1)Describe three functions of death receptor induced apoptosis

2)Explain P53’s role in preventing cells with DNA damage from replicating.

Answer 1

1) A. Schedule cell death, phrased apoptosis, plays a basic role in the expansion and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Dysregulation of apoptosis can primacy to numerous infections, including cancer, autoimmune infections, and neurodegenerative infections . In mammalian cells apoptosis can be persuade by extracellular or intracellular stimuli.

B. Extracellular stimuli contain death ligands which command to death receptor-persuade apoptosis, mentioned to as exterior pathway. Intracellular wave, like DNA damage, elicit the innate pathway which output in the activation of Bcl-2 proteins and outcome of proapoptotic element from the mitochondria into the cytosol.

C. Apoptosis is accomplish by the caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, which especially lead to the apoptotic phenotype,like membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation,cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies.

2) In regular cells, the p53 protein phase is low. DNA damage and other stress waves may prompt the increase of p53 proteins, which have 3 main factors like :apoptosis (cell death), growth arrest, and DNA repair. The development arrest stops the advancement of cell cycle, avert replication of damaged DNA. Throughout the development arrest, p53 may operate the transcription of proteins intricate in DNA repair.