Question

Please write the program in python:

3. Design and implement a simulation of the game of volleyball. Normal volleyball is played like
racquetball, in that a team can only score points when it is serving. Games are played to 15,
but must be won by at least two points.

7. Craps is a dice game played at many casinos. A player rolls a pair of normal six-sided dice. If
the initial roll is 2, 3, or 12, the player loses. If the roll is 7 or 11, the player wins. Any other
initial roll causes the player to “roll for point.” That is, the player keeps rolling the dice until
either rolling a 7 or re-rolling the value of the initial roll. If the player re-rolls the initial value
before rolling a 7, it’s a win. Rolling a 7 first is a loss.
Write a program to simulate multiple games of craps and estimate the probability that the
player wins. For example, if the player wins 249 out of 500 games, then the estimated
probability of winning is 249/500 = 0.498

8. Blackjack (twenty-one) is a casino game played with cards. The goal of the game is to draw
cards that total as close to 21 points as possible without going over. All face cards count as
10 points, aces count as 1 or 11, and all other cards count their numeric value.
The game is played against a dealer. The player tries to get closer to 21 (without going over)
than the dealer. If the dealer busts (goes over 21), the player automatically wins (provided
the player had not already busted). The dealer must always take cards according to a fixed
set of rules. The dealer takes cards until he or she achieves a total of at least 17. If the dealer’s
hand contains an ace, it will be counted as 11 when that results in a total between 17 and 21
inclusive; otherwise, the ace is counted as 1.
Write a program that simulates multiple games of blackjack and estimates the probability that
the dealer will bust. Hints: treat the deck of cards as infinite (casinos use a “shoe” containing
many decks). You do not need to keep track of the cards in the hand, just the total so far
(treating an ace as 1) and a bool variable hasAce that tells whether or not the hand contains
an ace. A hand containing an ace should have 10 points added to the total exactly when
doing so would produce a stopping total (something between 17 and 21 inclusive).

9. A blackjack dealer always starts with one card showing. It would be useful for a player to
know the dealer’s bust probability (see previous problem) for each possible starting value.
Write a simulation program that runs multiple hands of blackjack for each possible starting
value (ace–10) and estimates the probability that the dealer busts for each starting value.

Answer 1

3.

from random import random

def printIntro():
    print("This program simulates a game of volleyball between two teams\
    called \"A\" and \"B\". The abilities of each team is indicated by a\
    probability (a number between 0 and 1) that the team wins the point.")

def getInputs():
    # Returns three simulation parameters probA, probB and n
    a = float(input("What is the prob. team A wins a rally? "))
    b = float(input("What is the prob. team B wins a rally? "))
    n = int(input("How many games to simulate? "))
    return a, b, n

def simNGames(n, probA, probB):
    # Simulate n games and return winsA and winsB
    winsA = 0
    winsB = 0
    for i in range(n):
        scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB)
        if scoreA > scoreB:
            winsA = winsA + 1
        else:
            winsB = winsB + 1
    return winsA, winsB

def simOneGame(probA, probB):
    scoreA = 0
    scoreB = 0
    while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB):
        if random()*probA > random()*probB:
            scoreA = scoreA + 1
        else:
            scoreB = scoreB + 1
    return scoreA, scoreB

def gameOver(a, b):
    # a and b represent scores for a volleyball game.
    # Returns True if the game is over, False otherwise
    return (a >=15 and a - b >= 2) or (b >=15 and b - a >= 2)

def printSummary(winsA, winsB):
    # prints a summary of wins for each team.
    n = winsA + winsB
    print("\nGames simulated:", n)
    print("Wins for A: %d (%0.1f%%)" % (winsA, float(winsA)/n*100))
    print("Wins for B: %d (%0.1f%%)" % (winsB, float(winsB)/n*100))

def main():
    printIntro()
    probA, probB, n = getInputs()
    winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB)
    printSummary(winsA, winsB)
main()

1 from random import random 2 3 def printIntro() 4 print("This program simulates a game of volleyball between two teams 5 called "A1" and \"B\". The abilities of each team is indicated by a 6 probability (a number between and 1) that the team wins the point.") 7 8 def getInputs(): 9 # Returns three simulation parameters probA, probe and n 10 a-float(input("What is the prob. team A wins a rally? ")) 11 b-float(input("What is the prob. team B wins a rally? ")) 12 n-int(input("How many games to simulate? ")) return a, b, n 14 15 def simNGames (n, probA, probB): # simulate n games and return winsA and winsB winsA-0 winsB-0 for i in range(n): 18 19 20 21 scoreA, scoreB simOneGame (probA, probB) if scoreA > scoreB: winsA -winsA 1 23 24 25 26 27 def simOneGame (probA, probB): 28 29 30 while not gameOver (scoreA, scoreB): 31 32 else: winsB-winsB 1 return winsA, winsB scoreA-0 scoreB-0 if random()*probA > random)*probB: scoreA-scoreA 1 else: 34 35 scoreBscoreB+ 1 return scoreA, scoreB

36 37 def gameOver(a, b): 38 # a and b represent scores for a volleyball game 39 # Returns True if the game is over, False otherwise 40 return (a15 and a b >- 2) or (b -15 and b - a >- 2) 42 def printSummary (winsA, winsB): 43 # prints a summary of wins for each team nwinsA winsB 45 print("InGames simulated:", n) 46 print("wins for A: %d (%0.1f%%)" % (winsA, float (winsA)/n*100)) 47 print ("Wins for B: %d (%0.11%%)" % (winsB, float (winsB)/n*100)) 48 49 def main(): 50 printIntro() 51 probA, probB, n- getInputs() 52 winsA, winsB-simNGames (n, probA, probB) 53 printSummary (winsA, winsB) 54 main()