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QUESTION 20 The current COVID-19 vaccine being developed is known to be RNA vaccine. The RNA vaccine is injected into individual's body to trigger an adaptive response which produces specific antibodies to COVID-19 antigens. Describe how an RNA vaccine can be generated using one of the DNA technologies we discussed in our project. You should describe how it is done conceptually without necessarily knowing the names of the proteins. Τ Τ Τ Arial 3 (12pt) T ABC V Path: p Words:0

Answer 1

In vitro dendritic cell non-replicating mRNA vaccine

Dendritic cells are immune cells that can present antigens on their cell surface to other types of immune cells to help stimulate an immune response. These cells are extracted from the patient’s blood, transfected with the RNA vaccine, then given back to the patient to stimulate an immune reaction.

Transfection is done by introducing RNA to the dentritic cells with a transfecting agent such as liposomes. The cells take up this mRNA and the RNA polymerase inside the cell synthesise the protein. The protein is presented by the MHC classll molecule on the surface of the dentritic cell. This is recognised by the Th cell which then stimulated humoral and cell mediated immunity.