Question

Answer the following questions pertaining to bonding, giving your reasoning for each. Please be sure to consider both primary and secondary bonding. (a) Which type(s) of bond has, at long distances, an attractive force that varies as 1/r2 between atoms? (b) With which type of bonding are valence electrons free to move quickly over large distances? (c) Which type(s) of bond cannot occur in pure solid elements? (d) Which type of bonding occurs between Xe atoms in solid Xenon? (e) Which type(s) of bond is found in solid Si? (f) Which type of bond is the most compliant? (g) Which type(s) of bond is highly directional?

Answer 1

a)

We know Ionic bonding is formed due to oppositely charged ions. This is due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

This electrostatic attraction force is inversely proportional to the square of distance between them.

So answer for this is “Ionic bonding”.

b)

In metals, valance electrons are loosely bound and they are freely move from one atom to other so thy cover more distance.

And this type of bonding is called as “Metallic bonding”

c)

Pure solid elements does not have ionic bonding as they are form bounded by metallic bond so answer to this question is “Ionic bonding “

d)

Xe is having large number of outer electrons which forms more van der Waals interaction which is responsible to hold Xe atoms in their solid form.

So answer is “Van der Waals”

e)

Si can form covalent bond with other Si as it has 4 valance. It can form 4 bonds with 4 nearing Si atoms so it’s the covalent bond responsible.

Answer : “Covalent bonding”

f)

It is done when we fuse metal and so it’s the metallic bonding .

And answer: metallic bonding.

g)

Directional bond: The bond that has direction of electron density and that is formed when ligand in metal complex form bond with central metal ion.

Lone pair of electron or negative charge on ligand are attracted towards positively charged metal ion.

And this bonds goes from ligand to metal ion and while showing this bond we use arrow. So we called it as directional arrow.

And this is called as “Dative bond”