Question

Define a reflex. Distinguish between somatic vs. autonomic reflexes, and cranial vs. spinal reflexes. Define a reflex arc

Answer 1

Reflex is an involuntary instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Somatic relflex- These reflexes are associated with the skeletal muscle movements therefore voluntary. Controlled by somatic nervous system.

Autonomic reflex - Also known as visceral reflex that involves response of Cardiac & smooth muscle , Glands . Controlled by Autonomic nervous system .

CRANIAL REFLEX - Reflexes that are mediated with the help of cranial nerves arising from the brain . It is integrated brain for ex - swallowing reflex & pupillary reflex

SPINAL REFLEX- Reflexes that are integrated in the spinal cord . Later processed by brain However first response occur without input from brain. For ex Touching a hot utensil

Reflex arc

This is the pathway a reflex travels from the stimulus to sensory neuron later to motor neuron then to muscle reflex movement.

Component of reflex arc

Receptor

Sensory neuron

Intergration center

Motor neuron

Effector