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12. The Otto cycle is the cycle run by most car engines. An idealized Otto cycle...
The ideal Otto cycle, shown in the figure above, is the cycle used by gasoline engines...
The ideal Otto cycle, shown in the figure above, is the cycle used by gasoline engines to generate useful work. It consists of an adiabatic compression from step 1 to 2, followed by an isochoric increase in pressure from step 2 to 3, followed by an adiabatic expansion from 3 to 4, and finally an isochoric decrease in pressure from step 4 to 1.Consider an Otto cycle that works on a monoatomic ideal gas (γ= 5/3,cV= 3R/2), initially at a...
Consider the following figure Otto cycle Heating at constant volume (fuel combustion) Он 3) Adiab...
Consider the following figure Otto cycle Heating at constant volume (fuel combustion) Он 3) Adiabatic expansion power stroke ed 0 rV Adiabatic compression (compression stroke) Cooling at constant volume (cooling of exhaust gases) (a) For the Otto cycle shown in the figure above, calculate the changes in entropy of the gas in each of the constant-volume processes b 无, and Td and the number of moles n and the heat capacity Cv of the gas. (Use any variable or symbol...
Ignition power stroke adiabatic expansion compression stroke adiabatic compression Pressure 4. (25 pts) in an internal...
Ignition power stroke adiabatic expansion compression stroke adiabatic compression Pressure 4. (25 pts) in an internal combustion engine, the compression ratio (c), or the ratio volumes in an expansion or compression step, is an important for calculating efficiency. An Otto Engine cycle consists of (see diagram to right): an adiabatic compression step (1-2), a constant volume heating step (2-3). an adiabatic expansion step (3-4), and a constant volume cooling step (4-1). Based on this information, show: a. V3/V4 = V2/...
An ideal gas undergoes a cycle consisting of the following mechanically reversible steps: An adiabatic compression...
An ideal gas undergoes a cycle consisting of the following mechanically reversible steps: An adiabatic compression from Pu V1, T1 to P2, V2, T2 An isobaric expansion from P2, V2, T2 to P3 P2, Vs, T3 - An adiabatic expansion from P3, Vs, Ts to Pa, V4, T4 - A constant-volume process from Pa, V4, T4 to Pi, VV4, T1 (a) Sketch this cycle on a PV diagram (b) Derive an equation that expresses the thermal efficiency (n) of this...
Question 5 2 Points It is the type of stroke in an Otto cycle where fuel...
Question 5 2 Points It is the type of stroke in an Otto cycle where fuel vapor and air are ignited A Exhaust B Compression C Intake D Combustion Question 6 2 Points Which of these refrigerant is not grouped as inorganic? A Ammonia B) Iso-Butane c) Water D Carbon Dioxide Question 7 2 Points Among these refrigerants, which has the highest Ozone Depletion Potential? A Ammonia BR-22 C) R-134a D R-11 Question 8 2 points The phase of the...
(12 points) An ideal Otto cycle operates with a compression ratio of 10. At the beginning...
(12 points) An ideal Otto cycle operates with a compression ratio of 10. At the beginning of the compression process, the air is at 101 kPa and 27°C. During the constant volume heat addition process, 790 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to the air. Accounting for variable specific heats with temperature, determine: the maximum temperature during the cycle 1266.862 °C the maximum pressure during the cycle 6239.424 kPa the specific net work output 475.495481 kJ/kg the mean effective pressure (MEP)...
Need help with problem 6 5. Consider the general Carnot cycle discussed in Lecture #9, in...
Need help with problem 6
5. Consider the general Carnot cycle discussed in Lecture #9, in which we take a mole of ideal gas through a cyclic path of thermodynamic states and processes involving successive isothermal and adiabatic expansions and compressions. (a) Evaluate the work terms Wab and wcd for the isothermal steps, in terms of: the initial and final volumes involved; and the temperatures involved. (b) Do the same for the adiabatic steps, i.e., calculate Wbc and wda. (c)...
Problem 3 In modern high-speed compression ignition engines, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber much...
Problem 3 In modern high-speed compression ignition engines, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber much sooner than in early diesel engines. That means, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The advantage of this modification is that more time is available for the fuel to completely combust. The ideal dual cycle consists of the following operations: • Process -: Isentropic compression • Process -3: Addition of heat at constant volume. • Process - Addition...
A gasoline engine operates on the air standard Otto cycle. The air intake to the engine...
A gasoline engine operates on the air standard Otto cycle. The air intake to the engine is at 300K and 95kPa (State 1). The air is compressed in the engine to an unknown pressure. Heat is then added during combustion at an amount of 1100 kJ/kg. At the end of the heat addition process, the temperature reaches 2200K. Compute the following: (a) the temperature at the end of the compression process, (b) the volumetric compression ratio of this engine, (c)...
2. One lb of air undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes: 1->2: constant...
2. One lb of air undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes: 1->2: constant volume from p1=20 psi, T1=500°R to T2=820°R 2->3: adiabatic expansion to v3 = 1.4 v2 3->1: constant pressure compression Sketch the cycle on a p-v diagram. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine (a) The pressure at state 2 in psi. (b) The temperature at state 3 in °R. (c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Consider the following figure Otto cycle Heating at constant volume (fuel combustion) Он 3) Adiabatic expansion power stroke ed 0 rV Adiabatic compression (compression stroke) Cooling at constant volume (cooling of exhaust gases) (a) For the Otto cycle shown in the figure above, calculate the changes in entropy of the gas in each of the constant-volume processes b 无, and Td and the number of moles n and the heat capacity Cv of the gas. (Use any variable or symbol...
Ignition power stroke adiabatic expansion compression stroke adiabatic compression Pressure 4. (25 pts) in an internal combustion engine, the compression ratio (c), or the ratio volumes in an expansion or compression step, is an important for calculating efficiency. An Otto Engine cycle consists of (see diagram to right): an adiabatic compression step (1-2), a constant volume heating step (2-3). an adiabatic expansion step (3-4), and a constant volume cooling step (4-1). Based on this information, show: a. V3/V4 = V2/...
An ideal gas undergoes a cycle consisting of the following mechanically reversible steps: An adiabatic compression from Pu V1, T1 to P2, V2, T2 An isobaric expansion from P2, V2, T2 to P3 P2, Vs, T3 - An adiabatic expansion from P3, Vs, Ts to Pa, V4, T4 - A constant-volume process from Pa, V4, T4 to Pi, VV4, T1 (a) Sketch this cycle on a PV diagram (b) Derive an equation that expresses the thermal efficiency (n) of this...
Question 5 2 Points It is the type of stroke in an Otto cycle where fuel vapor and air are ignited A Exhaust B Compression C Intake D Combustion Question 6 2 Points Which of these refrigerant is not grouped as inorganic? A Ammonia B) Iso-Butane c) Water D Carbon Dioxide Question 7 2 Points Among these refrigerants, which has the highest Ozone Depletion Potential? A Ammonia BR-22 C) R-134a D R-11 Question 8 2 points The phase of the...
(12 points) An ideal Otto cycle operates with a compression ratio of 10. At the beginning of the compression process, the air is at 101 kPa and 27°C. During the constant volume heat addition process, 790 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to the air. Accounting for variable specific heats with temperature, determine: the maximum temperature during the cycle 1266.862 °C the maximum pressure during the cycle 6239.424 kPa the specific net work output 475.495481 kJ/kg the mean effective pressure (MEP)...
Need help with problem 6
5. Consider the general Carnot cycle discussed in Lecture #9, in which we take a mole of ideal gas through a cyclic path of thermodynamic states and processes involving successive isothermal and adiabatic expansions and compressions. (a) Evaluate the work terms Wab and wcd for the isothermal steps, in terms of: the initial and final volumes involved; and the temperatures involved. (b) Do the same for the adiabatic steps, i.e., calculate Wbc and wda. (c)...
Problem 3 In modern high-speed compression ignition engines, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber much sooner than in early diesel engines. That means, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The advantage of this modification is that more time is available for the fuel to completely combust. The ideal dual cycle consists of the following operations: • Process -: Isentropic compression • Process -3: Addition of heat at constant volume. • Process - Addition...
A gasoline engine operates on the air standard Otto cycle. The air intake to the engine is at 300K and 95kPa (State 1). The air is compressed in the engine to an unknown pressure. Heat is then added during combustion at an amount of 1100 kJ/kg. At the end of the heat addition process, the temperature reaches 2200K. Compute the following: (a) the temperature at the end of the compression process, (b) the volumetric compression ratio of this engine, (c)...
2. One lb of air undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes: 1->2: constant volume from p1=20 psi, T1=500°R to T2=820°R 2->3: adiabatic expansion to v3 = 1.4 v2 3->1: constant pressure compression Sketch the cycle on a p-v diagram. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine (a) The pressure at state 2 in psi. (b) The temperature at state 3 in °R. (c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
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