Question

nosis of an STD? 2. What are some of the signif diagnosis of an STD? Multiple Choice Questions Answers are in Appendix A. 1. Which of the following is the test of choice for the laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infections? Note: Narrative answers poste CASE STUDY 15.4 A disoriented 58-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled diabetes melli- tus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents to the ED. The patient has been smoking cigarettes for many years. He has been taking steroid medications for his pulmonary disease. Physical examination shows that he is slightly febrile, lethargic, and in respiratory failure. A diagnosis of meningitis is being considered. A lumbar puncture is done, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected for a smear and culture. meningitis. It is especially type of infection is know a. Nosocomial infection b. Opportunistic infectio c. Community-associate d. Health care-associat 2. What additional laborat identification of C. nec a. Gram stain b. Acid-fast stain c. India ink prep d. Trichrome stain Laboratory Data A CSF specimen is collected and sent to the laboratory. A cytocentrifuged prep- aration of the CSF is stained, using calcofluor white for yeast by staining the yeast cell walls. The smear shows encapsulated, thick-walled budding yeasts. A cryp- tococcal antigen test is completed and is positive. The culture of CSF identifies Cryptococcus neoformans. Multiple Choice Questions Answers are in Appendix A. 1. Fungi are widespread in the environment but rarely cause central nervous sys- tem (CNS) infection. C. neoformans is the most common cause of fungal Critical Thinking 6 1. What clinically releva ciated with the inte 2. What laboratory tes the infectious orga Note: Narrative answ

1. what clinical observations would have led the physician to test the patient for possible meningitis?

case study 15.4

Answer 1

Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges which is the covering of brain and spinal cord. It is may be due to bacterial, viral or fungal infections or any other disorders.

Here in case of this patient on physical examination it shows that patient sufer from lethargy, febrile etc. Which are the signs of meningitis too.

High fever, lethargy, stiffness of neck, headache, vomiting, seizure, confusion etc. are the signs of meningitis. Febrile or fever are not due to COPD or DM so it may be due to a diffrential diagnosis.